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La independencia judicial y el desafio populista

Authors: Mier Galera, David;

La independencia judicial y el desafio populista

Abstract

La presente tesis doctoral aborda en qué forma el auge del populismo ha socavado la independencia de los tribunales, un elemento esencial para el Estado de Derecho. A pesar de su ambigüedad, el populismo ha emergido en la actualidad como un concepto íntimamente asociado con los procesos de involución democrática. A partir de un estudio novedoso de derecho comparado donde se analizan los discursos y los métodos utilizados para aprobar las reformas judiciales, es claro que uno de los principales objetivos del populismo es debilitar a los tribunales, y así impedirles ser un contrapeso efectivo a los poderes electos por el pueblo. Ello se aprecia de forma cristalina cuando se examina la jurisprudencia de los tribunales constitucionales capturados, convertidos en un actor clave en la legitimación de la agenda iliberal del gobierno. En este contexto, el análisis de la respuesta ofrecida por los tribunales constitucionales, los tribunales internacionales y/o supranacionales (TEDH, Corte IDH y TJUE) pone de manifiesto que una defensa estrictamente judicial del Estado de Derecho puede mitigar los efectos más perniciosos de las reformas populistas, pero no detenerlas. La investigación explorará las ventajas de introducir algunas reformas institucionales para así reforzar la eficacia de la respuesta judicial. Sin embargo, la pervivencia de la democracia constitucional necesita de la consolidación de una cultura de respeto al Estado de Derecho compartida y asumida por los poderes políticos y la ciudadanía.

This doctoral thesis addresses how the rise of populism has undermined judicial independence, an essential element of the Rule of Law. Despite populism’s ambiguous nature, it has emerged today as a concept closely associated with democratic backsliding. One of the populist main goals is to weaken judicial courts, thereby preventing them from effectively counterbalancing the political powers as elected by the people. This becomes clear through this thesis’s comparative law study and its analysis of narratives and methods used by populist governments to justify judicial reforms. It becomes particularly evident when analyzing case law of captured constitutional courts, which have become key actors in legitimizing the illiberal agenda of a populist government. The responses to the populist threat, as offered by constitutional, international and supranational courts (ECtHR, IACtHR and the CJEU) reveal that although the judicial defense of the Rule of Law can mitigate the most harmful effects of populist reforms, it cannot stop them. While the advantages of introducing some institutional reforms should be explored, the survival of constitutional democracy as we know it urgently demands the consolidation of a culture of respect for the Rule of Law, shared and embraced by political powers and citizens alike.

Programa de Doctorat en Dret

Country
Spain
Keywords

Independencia judicial, Populismo, 34

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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