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Deciphering tumorsphere biology in ovarian cancer

Authors: Gendrau Sanclemente, Núria;

Deciphering tumorsphere biology in ovarian cancer

Abstract

[cat] El càncer d'ovari epitelial (EOC) és la cinquena causa principal de mort per càncer entre les dones, i representa la malignitat ginecològica més letal. El carcinoma d’ovari serós d'alt grau (HGSOC) és el subtipus més prevalent i agressiu, doncs representa el 70% de les morts per càncer d'ovari. Les taxes de supervivència són baixes a causa del diagnòstic en estadis avançats i la ineficàcia terapèutica en malaltia avançada. Un nombre significatiu de pacients desenvolupa acumulació de líquid ascític, la qual cosa s'associa amb un mal pronòstic. Això es deu a què la disseminació transcel·lòmica és la ruta metastàtica principal del HGSOC, la qual implica que les cèl·lules canceroses es desprenguin del tumor primari i s’agreguin entre elles per formar tumorosferes, les principals unitats metastàtiques en HGSOC, que s’acumulen al líquid ascític. No obstant això, els mecanismes moleculars darrere de la seva formació, proliferació i supervivència dins de l'entorn ascític han estat llargament inexplorats. En aquesta Tesi Doctoral, demostrem que PDGFRβ és essencial per a l’agregació de cèl·lules canceroses d'ovari en tumorosferes mitjançada per fibronectina. Aquest efecte està dirigit per la cinasa NUAK1 i pot ser bloquejat per inhibició farmacològica o genètica de PDGFRβ. En absència de PDGFRβ, les cèl·lules canceroses d'ovari poden obtenir la fibronectina dels fibroblasts associats al càncer (CAFs), amb els quals generen esferes quimèriques. D'altra banda, mostrem que l’eix lligand-receptor S1P-S1PR1 és especialment rellevant en les tumorosferes d'ovari, on es promou un circuit positiu de senyalització autocrí, servint com a principal mecanisme de proliferació a través de l'activació de MEK1/2- ERK. Els nostres resultats demostren que la via S1P-S1PR1-MEK1/2 confereix a les tumorosferes d'ovari un avantatge selectiu dins del microambient ascític i, en conseqüència, promou el seu potencial metastàtic. En conclusió, els nostres resultats aporten llum sobre els mecanismes moleculars que dirigeixen la formació i proliferació de tumorosferes, que són crucials per a la propagació metastàtica del HGSOC, i estan orquestrats per PDGFRβ i S1PR1. Les troballes preclíniques presentades en aquesta Tesi Doctoral poden representar una oportunitat per convertir els principals promotors del potencial metastàtic del càncer d'ovari, que són les tumorosferes, en el taló d'Aquil·les d'aquest càncer.

[eng] Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth-leading cause of cancer death among women and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype, accounting for 70% of ovarian cancer deaths. Survival rates are low due to late-stage diagnosis and ineffective therapies for advanced disease. A significant number of patients develop ascites, which is associated with poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that transcoelomic dissemination is the main metastatic route of HGSOC, and involves cancer cells shedding from the primary tumor and clustering into tumorspheres, which are the main metastatic units in HGSOC and accumulate in the ascites. However, the molecular mechanisms behind their formation, proliferation and survival within the ascites microenvironment have long been unexplored. In this Doctoral Thesis, we demonstrate that PDGFRβ is essential for fibronectin-mediated cell clustering of ovarian cancer cells into tumorspheres. This effect is mediated by the kinase NUAK1 and blocked by PDGFRβ pharmacological or genetic inhibition. In the absence of PDGFRβ, ovarian cancer cells can be provided with fibronectin by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to generate chimeric spheroids. On the other hand, we report that the S1P-S1PR1 ligand- receptor axis is especially relevant in ovarian tumorspheres, where it promotes an autocrine positive loop, serving as their primary proliferative mechanism via MEK1/2- ERK activation. Our findings demonstrate that the S1P-S1PR1-MEK1/2 pathway confers ovarian tumorspheres a selective advantage within the ascites environment and, consequently, increases their metastatic potential. Conclusively, our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms that direct tumorsphere formation and proliferation, which are critical for HGSOC metastatic spread and are orchestrated by PDGFRβ and S1PR1. The preclinical findings presented in this Doctoral Thesis may represent an opportunity to turn the main ovarian cancer’s metastatic potential promoters, tumorspheres, into this cancer’s Achilles’ heel.

Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicina / Tesi realitzada a l'Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO - IDIBELL)

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Metàstasi, Ovarian cancer, 616, Càncer d'ovari, Cáncer de ovarios, Metástasis, Tumores, Ciències de la Salut, Metastasis, Tumors

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research