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Contranarrativas: ¿Un Instrumento Útil para la Prevención del Extremismo Violento?

Authors: Miravitllas Pous, Enric;

Contranarrativas: ¿Un Instrumento Útil para la Prevención del Extremismo Violento?

Abstract

[spa] En los últimos años, las contranarrativas (CNs) han emergido como un nuevo instrumento en el marco de las políticas públicas orientadas contrarrestar o prevenir el extremismo violento (C/PEV). Sin embargo, el impacto de las CNs en los procesos de desvinculación o, en general, en el alejamiento de individuos o grupos del extremismo violento, no está exento de debate. Algunos autores sostienen que la ideología no es un factor determinante en la vinculación de los individuos a la acción violenta con objetivos políticos o religiosos, y que, por lo tanto, es un error centrar el foco en la desideologización a través de CNs. Otros autores consideran que la ideología sí juega un papel en los procesos de vinculación, aunque dentro un modelo explicativo multicausal que incluye también otras variables. Para éstos, las CNs sí pueden tener impacto en estos procesos. La experimentación realizada con CNs en los últimos diez años no ayuda a dar salida a este debate, puesto que las evaluaciones de impacto han sido la excepción y no la regla en las experiencias con este tipo de instrumentos. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a llenar esta laguna de conocimiento y someter a examen este nuevo instrumento. Con esta meta, en primer lugar, hemos tratado de sistematizar el conocimiento teórico disponible sobre CNs (definición, naturaleza, elementos constitutivos); a continuación, hemos realizado una revisión de la evidencia empírica recogida en el último lustro sobre su impacto en la contención o prevención del extremismo violento; finalmente, hemos llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo para aportar nuevo conocimiento empírico sobre la utilidad de las CNs, a partir de entrevistas con personas condenadas a penas de reclusión, algunas de ellas por delitos vinculados a la violencia política.

[cat] En els darrers anys, les contranarratives (CNs) han emergit com un nou instrument en el marc de les polítiques públiques orientades a contrarestar o prevenir l'extremisme violent (C/PEV). Tot i això, l'impacte de les CNs en els processos de desvinculació o, en general, en l'allunyament d'individus o grups de l'extremisme violent, no està exempt de debat. Alguns autors sostenen que la ideologia no és un factor determinant en la vinculació dels individus a l'acció violenta amb objectius polítics o religiosos, i que, per tant, és un error centrar el focus en la desideologització mitjançant CNs. Altres autors consideren que la ideologia sí que juga un paper en els processos de vinculació, encara que dins un model explicatiu multicausal que inclou també altres variables. Per a aquests, les CNs sí que poden tenir impacte en aquests processos. L'experimentació realitzada amb CNs en els darrers deu anys no ajuda a donar sortida a aquest debat, ja que les avaluacions d'impacte n'han estat l'excepció i no la regla en les experiències amb aquest tipus d'instruments. Aquest treball pretén contribuir a omplir aquesta llacuna de coneixement i sotmetre a examen aquest nou instrument. Amb aquesta fita, en primer lloc, hem tractat de sistematitzar el coneixement teòric disponible sobre CNs (definició, naturalesa, elements constitutius); a continuació, hem fet una revisió de l'evidència empírica recollida a l'últim lustre sobre el seu impacte en la contenció o prevenció de l'extremisme violent; finalment, hem dut a terme un treball de camp per aportar nou coneixement empíric sobre la utilitat de les CNs, a partir d'entrevistes amb persones condemnades a penes de reclusió, algunes per delictes vinculats a la violència política.

[eng] In recent years, counternarratives (CNs) have emerged as a new instrument within the framework of public policies aimed at countering or preventing violent extremism (C/PVE). However, the impact of CNs on disengagement processes or, in general, on the disengagement of individuals or groups from violent extremism, is not exempt from debate. Some authors maintain that ideology is not a determining factor in linking individuals to violent action with political or religious objectives, and that, therefore, it is a mistake to focus on de-ideologization through CNs. Other authors consider that ideology does play a role in the linking processes, although within a multicausal explanatory model that also includes other variables. For these, CNs can have an impact on these processes. The experimentation carried out with CNs in the last ten years does not help to resolve this debate, since impact evaluations have been the exception and not the rule in experiences with this type of instruments. The present work aims to contribute to filling this knowledge gap and examine this new instrument. With this goal, first of all, we have tried to systematize the theoretical knowledge available about CNs (definition, nature, constituent elements); Next, we have carried out a review of the empirical evidence collected in the last five years on its impact on the containment or prevention of violent extremism; Finally, we have carried out a field work to provide new empirical knowledge about the usefulness of CNs, based on interviews with people sentenced to prison terms, some of them for crimes linked to political violence.

Programa de Doctorat en Dret i Ciència Política

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Spain
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Keywords

Political violence, Crime prevention, Violencia política, Radicalisme, Radicalismo, Prevenció del delicte, Violència política, 32, Prevención del delito, Ciències Jurídiques, Econòmiques i Socials, Radicalism

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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