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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2023
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Transcriptomic determinants of vertebrate photoreceptors and other sensory cells

Authors: Ciampi, Ludovica;

Transcriptomic determinants of vertebrate photoreceptors and other sensory cells

Abstract

El sistema nervioso comprende una inmensa cantidad de células que cumplen funciones altamente especializadas. En consecuencia, poseen atributos morfológicos y funcionales únicos, moldeados en gran medida por mecanismos específicos de splicing alternativo (AS) y expresión génica (GE). Los fotorreceptores retinales tienen un perfil transcriptómico distinto en comparación con otros subtipos neuronales, lo que probablemente refleja su morfología celular y función únicas en la detección de luz a través del segmento externo ciliar. Descubrimos una nueva capa de esta especialización molecular al revelar que la retina de los vertebrados expresa la mayor cantidad de microexones enriquecidos en tejidos (entre todos los tejidos analizados). Este programa de microexones está regulado por Srrm3, un parálogo del regulador de microexones neurales Srrm4. A pesar de que ambas proteínas regulan positivamente los microexones de la retina in vitro, solo Srrm3 se expresa en gran medida en los fotorreceptores maduros. Su eliminación en el pez cebra resulta en una regulación negativa generalizada de la inclusión de microexones, defectos graves en los fotorreceptores y ceguera. Dado que este programa de microexón involucra genes del cilio de los fotorreceptores, exploramos si otras células sensoriales ciliadas muestran transcriptomas especializados. El análisis multi-layer RNA-seq reveló que los cilios en las neuronas olfatorias se separan de los de otras células sensoriales ciliadas al activar una red de genes de cilios móviles altamente expresados ​​en los espermatozoides y regulados por Rfx3. Nuestros resultados elucidan la especialización transcriptómica y la funcionalidad de los cilios en las células sensoriales, revelando nuevas funciones célula-específicas para muchos genes con implicación en un amplio espectro de enfermedades humanas.

The nervous system comprises an immense number of cells that serve highly specialized roles. Accordingly, they possess unique morphological and functional attributes, greatly shaped by specific Alternative Splicing (AS) and Gene Expression (GE) mechanisms. Retinal photoreceptors have a distinct transcriptomic profile compared to other neuronal subtypes, likely reflecting their unique cellular morphology and function in the detection of light by way of the ciliary outer segment. We discovered a new layer of this molecular specialization by revealing that the vertebrate retina expresses the largest number of tissue-enriched microexons of all tissue types. This microexon program is regulated by Srrm3, a paralog of the neural microexon regulator Srrm4. Despite the fact that both proteins positively regulate retina microexons in-vitro, only Srrm3 is highly expressed in mature photoreceptors. Its deletion in zebrafish results in widespread down-regulation of microexon inclusion, severe photoreceptor defects and blindness. Since this microexon program involves genes of the photoreceptor cilium, we explored whether other ciliated sensory cells display specialized transcriptomes. Multi-layer RNA-seq analysis revealed that cilia in olfactory neurons diverge from other ciliated sensory cells by activating a network of motile cilia genes highly expressed in spermatocytes and regulated by Rfx3. Our results shed light on the transcriptomic specialization and functionality of cilia in sensory cells, uncovering new cell-type specific roles for many genes with implication for a wide spectrum of human diseases.

Programa de doctorat en Biomedicina

Country
Spain
Keywords

Photoreceptors, Biologia de sistemas, Sensory neurons, 616.8, Fotorreceptores, Splicing alternativo, Expresion genica, Gene expression, Neuronas sensoriales, Systems biology, Alternative splicing

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average