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Incapacidad temporal y absentismo laboral: prevención, control y retorno al trabajo

Authors: Crespí Ferriol, Maria del Mar;

Incapacidad temporal y absentismo laboral: prevención, control y retorno al trabajo

Abstract

[spa] El objeto de la presente tesis doctoral es realizar un análisis integral del marco jurídico que afecta al absentismo laboral en España. Para ello se aborda el régimen legal y de gestión de la incapacidad temporal desde la perspectiva del impacto que tiene sobre la inasistencia al trabajo, atendiendo a su dinámica prestacional, sus efectos suspensivos del contrato de trabajo y los mecanismos institucionales dispuestos para la fiscalización del fraude. Además, partiendo del conocimiento empírico que identifica como causas del absentismo tanto los problemas de salud como las motivaciones ocultas del trabajador, se trata la relación de la incapacidad temporal con las demás instituciones jurídicas en que se sustentan, respectivamente, las políticas de prevención y contención del absentismo. Ello incluye, de un lado, el estudio de la normativa de prevención de riegos vinculada al absentismo, las políticas de promoción de la salud desde el ámbito laboral o los planes de retorno al trabajo que facilitan la reincorporación de los trabajadores en incapacidad temporal por enfermedades duraderas. De otro lado, se indaga también en las vías de desincentivación económica y control del absentismo dirigidas a reducir el riesgo de fraude asociado a la incapacidad temporal. Dicha labor comporta la valoración de aspectos contractuales como las mejoras voluntarias de la prestación pública, los complementos salariales vinculados a la asistencia al trabajo, el régimen aplicable al despido motivado por la incapacidad temporal o las facultades empresariales de control extralaboral, conductual y médico, del trabajador.

[cat] L’objecte de la present tesi doctoral és realitzar una anàlisi integral del marc jurídic que afecta a l’absentisme laboral a Espanya. Per això, s’aborda el règim legal i de gestió de la incapacitat temporal des de la perspectiva de l’impacte que té sobre la inassistència a la feina, considerant la seva dinàmica com a prestació social, els seus efectes suspensius del contracte de treball i els mecanismes institucionals establerts per la fiscalització del frau. A més, partint del coneixement empíric que identifica com a causes de l’absentisme tant els problemes de salut com les motivacions ocultes del treballador, s’aprofundeix en la relació de la incapacitat temporal amb les altres institucions jurídiques en les quals se sustenten, respectivament, les polítiques de prevenció i contenció de l’absentisme. Això inclou, d’una banda, l’estudi de la normativa de prevenció de riscos vinculada a l’absentisme, les polítiques de promoció de la salut des de l’àmbit laboral o els plans de tornada a la feina que faciliten la reincorporació dels treballadors en incapacitat temporal per malalties de llarga durada. D’altra banda, es tracten també les vies de desincentivació econòmica i control de l’absentisme dirigides a reduir el risc de frau associat a la incapacitat temporal. Aquesta tasca comporta la valoració d’aspectes contractuals com la millora voluntària de la prestació pública, els complements salarials vinculats a l’assistència a la feina, el règim aplicable a l’acomiadament motivat per la incapacitat temporal o les facultats empresarials de control extralaboral, conductual i mèdic, del treballador.

[eng] The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework concerning absenteeism in Spain. To this end, the legal regime and administrative management of temporary incapacity is assessed, in terms of its impact on work absenteeism. This requires the consideration of the dynamics of the social benefit, its suspensive effects on the employment contract and the different institutional mechanisms established for the control of fraud. Moreover, the legal research is based on the empirical knowledge that identifies both health problems and the hidden motivations of the worker as causes of absenteeism. Therefore, the relationship between temporary incapacity and other legal institutions underlying policies for the prevention and curbing of absenteeism is also dealt with. This includes, on the one hand, the study of health and safety regulations related to absenteeism, health promotion policies in the workplace and return-to-work plans for workers on sick leave due to long-lasting illnesses. On the other hand, attention is paid to legal provisions that create economic disincentives and regulate private control mechanisms aimed at reducing the moral hazard effects on temporary incapacity. This involves the examination of contractual aspects such as extra-statutory sick pay assumed by companies, wage supplements linked to work attendance, employees’ dismissal due to temporary incapacity or the company's powers to control the workers (their behaviour and health) during their absence from work.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Incapacidad temporal, Promoción de la salud, Mejoras voluntarias, 346, Salud laboral, Retorno al trabajo, 34, Presentismo laboral, Absentismo laboral, Despido de trabajadores enfermos., Complementos salariales, El derecho de la empresa ante la globalización y el cambio de modelo económico, Control del fraude

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green