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La mejora de las escuelas chilenas a partir de los Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo

Authors: González Escobar, Ignacio;

La mejora de las escuelas chilenas a partir de los Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo

Abstract

Una de las políticas educativas que se ha implementado en Chile y con un mayor impacto económico, debido a que entrega más recursos a los establecimientos que atienden a los estudiantes que resulta más costoso educar, es la Ley de Subvención Escolar Preferencial (Ley SEP) . Con la Ley SEP, los establecimientos adquieren nuevos compromisos con el Ministerio de Educación, los cuales se plasman en un convenio denominado “Convenio de Igualdad de oportunidades y Excelencia educativa” y en donde entre otras cosas cada centro debe implementar Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo (PME), para el diseño, monitoreo y ejecución de estos compromisos. A casi diez años del inicio de la ley y con ella el inicio de los Planes de Mejoramiento Educativo, resulta crucial entender en qué medida estos planes de mejoramiento pueden haber estado contribuyendo a mejorar el desempeño educativo de los niños y niñas en los centros educativos de Chile, sobre todo en los centros en donde los avances en cuanto a resultados no se han incrementado sino que se han mantenido bajos o zigzagueantes, careciendo de una mejora continua como se espera con la implementación de los PME. La investigación actual hace patente que los planes de mejoramiento educativo no parecen demostrar ningún efecto significativo en los centros docentes, debido a que, durante estos diez años transcurridos, el 71,32% de los centros educativos se ha mantenido en la categoría que inicialmente fueron asignados por el Ministerio de Educación. Lo anterior podría atribuirse a diferentes factores, entre los cuales destaca la participación de la comunidad educativa en todo el proceso de planificación, implementación y evaluación de los planes, así como también, los tiempos que se destinan a cada una de las fases, entre otros factores.

The Preferential School Subsidy Act (SEP Law) has become one of the educational policies implemented in Chile with a greater economic impact due to it provides resources to the schools in which the enrolled students seem to be more expensive for being educated . With the SEP Law, the schools agree new commitments with the Ministry of Education through an agreement called “Agreement on Equal Opportunities and Educational Excellence” . It makes the schools compulsory to apply School Improvement Plans (PME) for the design, monitoring and execution of these commitments. Almost ten years after the beginning of the law as well as the Educational Improvement Plans, to understand to what extent these improvement plans may have been contributing to improving the educational performance is crucial. It is especially important in those centers in which the progress in terms of results has not increased but has kept low or zigzagging, lacking continuous improvement as it could be expected with the PMEs’ implementation. This research shows that educational improvement plans do not seem to have any significant effect on schools because, during these ten years, the 71.32% of educational centers have remained in the category initially assigned by the Ministry of Education. Different factors could be influencing this situation. The lack of participation of the educational community in the entire process of planning, implementation and evaluation, as well as the time allocated to each of the PMEs’ phases, seem to be, among other, some explicative factors.

Programa de Doctorat en Educació i Societat

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Spain
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Keywords

371, Educational planning, School management and organization, Planificación educativa, Administración y organización escolar, Xile, Planificació educativa, Programas de mejora de la eficacia escolar, Ciències de l'Educació, Administració escolar, Programes de millora de l'eficàcia escolar, Chile, School improvement programs

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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