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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2020
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2020
License: CC BY NC ND
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Neuroimagen del trastorno límite de la personalidad

Authors: Aguilar Ortiz, Salvatore;

Neuroimagen del trastorno límite de la personalidad

Abstract

El Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP) es una entidad diagnóstica que parte de descripciones antiguas, de carácter polimorfo, realizadas por psiquiatras clásicos en las que ya se describían personalidades inestables. Desde los años 80 el diagnóstico de Trastorno Límite aparece en las clasificaciones diagnósticas, siendo este un diagnóstico de cajón de sastre que se ha mantenido hasta la actualidad (DSM-5). El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar las bases neurobiológicas del trastorno en una cohorte de pacientes estables con TLP, apareados por sexo, coeficiente de inteligencia (CI) y edad con una muestra de controles sanos. La tesis está compuesta por tres trabajos que evalúan: 1) los cambios estructurales mediante resonancia magnética estructural (MRI), 2) los cambios funcionales en resonancia funcional (fMRI) durante la realización de un paradigma cognitivo (la tarea n-back), y 3) los cambios evaluados mediante fMRI en reposo (resting state) y MRI de difusión. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto alteraciones estructurales que incluyen reducciones volumétricas de sustancia gris en córtex prefrontal, así como una tendencia al agrandamiento de la amígdala e hipocampo. Por lo que respecta a los hallazgos funcionales con tarea, se detecta un extenso déficit de deactivación que incluye entre otras áreas el nodo anterior de la red neuronal por defecto (Default Mode Network [DMN]). Finalmente, el estudio combinado de resting state y difusión muestra alteraciones convergentes en estructuras genuales y perigenuales junto con anormalidades en la conectividad del circuito fronto-cortico-límbico.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a diagnostic that was initially used in descriptions from classical psychiatrists, referring to unstable personalities. Since the 80s, BPD appears in main diagnostic classifications as a polymorphous diagnostic that is still found in present classifications (DSM-5). The objective of this thesis is to study the neurobiological bases of the disorder in a sample of stable patients with BPD, matched by sex, IQ and age with a sample of healthy controls. The thesis includes three articles that evaluate: 1) structural changes with structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 2) functional changes with functional MRI (fMRI) acquired while performing a cognitive paradigm (the n-back task), and 3) changes based on resting state fMRI and diffusion MRI images. Results revealed structural alterations including volumetric reductions in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, as well as a tendency to enlargement of the amygdala and hippocampus. Task related functional findings point to widespread deficits in deactivation involving, among other areas, the anterior node of the Default Mode Network (DMN). Finally, the combined resting state and diffusion MRI study showed converging abnormalities in genual and perigenual structures as well as alterations in the connectivity of the fronto-cortico-limbic circuit.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Limite, Bourdeline, 616.89, Neuroimage, Personalitat, Personalidad, Limit, Neuroimagen, Ciències de la Salut, Neuroimatge, Personality

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green