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Doctoral thesis . 2019
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Resultados reproductivos en mujeres sometidas a ciclos de fecundación in vitro en fresco versus ciclos segmentados (freeze-all)

Authors: Lattes Altamirano, Karinna Andrea;

Resultados reproductivos en mujeres sometidas a ciclos de fecundación in vitro en fresco versus ciclos segmentados (freeze-all)

Abstract

Introducción Los buenos resultados reproductivos obtenidos tras la transferencia de embriones criopreservados en fecundación in vitro (FIV) han provocado un aumento significativo de la proporción de ciclos segmentados que se realizan actualmente en todo el mundo. A pesar de esto, la evidencia científica disponible indica que esta estrategia sólo parece indiscutible en ciertas situaciones clínicas (prevención del Sindrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica, presencia o sospecha de anormalidades endometriales al momento de la recuperación ovocitaria y/o necesidad de otras intervenciones tales como la realización de Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantacional (PGT) o estudios de receptividad endometrial). Sin embargo, no hay evidencia publicada que analice si la edad de la mujer constituye un factor a tener en cuenta a la hora de decidir segmentar un ciclo de FIV. Por otro lado, una vez hemos decidido segmentar, surgen otras interrogantes como cuándo es el mejor momento para realizar la primera criotransferencia embrionaria. Este trabajo busca responder estas dos preguntas. Materiales y métodos Se plantean dos estudios de cohortes retrospectivos: 1. Comparación de resultados reproductivos de la primera transferencia en fresco (1412 ciclos) vs. ciclo segmentado (470 ciclos) en ciclos autólogos, estratificando en tres grupos de edad materna (menores de 35 años, entre 35 y 38 años y mayores de 38 años). 2. Comparación de resultados reproductivos de pacientes sometidas a una FIV segmentada que hayan realizado la primera criotransferencia de embriones durante el primer ciclo menstrual tras la punción folicular (263 ciclos) versus aquellas que la hayan realizado en ciclos posteriores (249 ciclos). Estas comparaciones se llevaron a cabo mediante un análisis univariado (Chi-cuadrado) y multivariado (regresión logística) para ajustar por factores que potencialmente puedan generar confusión. Resultados No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la tasa de nacido vivo en mujeres de más de 35 años, independientemente del número de ovocitos recuperados. La tasa de aborto fue significativamente más baja en los ciclos segmentados de mujeres entre 35 y 38 años, sin impacto sobre la tasa de nacido vivo. Tampoco observamos diferencias significativas del momento en el cual se realiza la primera criotransferencia de un ciclo segmentado en la tasa de nacido vivo, embarazo clínico ni aborto. Conclusiones Las pacientes de menos de 35 años de edad se beneficiarían de la segmentación del ciclo de FIV para optimizar su tasa de nacido vivo. Las pacientes entre 35 y 38 años de edad se beneficiarían de la segmentación del ciclo de FIV para disminuir su tasa de aborto. El tiempo transcurrido entre la estimulación ovárica controlada y la primera criotransferencia de embriones en la estrategia freeze-all, no influye en las tasas de nacido vivo, embarazo clínico ni aborto. Esta nueva información permite al clínico tener en cuenta las preferencias de los pacientes al momento de decidir cuándo es el mejor momento para transferir en esta población de pacientes.

Introduction The promising reproductive results of frozen embryo transfers (FET) in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) have been currently associated with a significant increase in the proportion of “freeze-all” cycles worldwide. Despite this, available evidence only supports its use in certain clinical scenarios (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome prevention, evidence of endometrial pathology and need for preimplantation genetic screening or endometrial receptivity assays). However, no published trials have assessed if the maternal age is an independent factor to take into account when deciding to undergo a freeze-all strategy. On the other hand, once we’ve decided to perform an elective freezing of all the embryos, we come across other relevant clinical questions such as when is the best moment to perform the first FET. This thesis aims to provide an answer to these questions. Materials and methods This thesis includes two independent studies: 1. Comparison of reproductive results of the first embryo transfer in autologous fresh (1412 cycles) versus freeze-all cycles (470 cycles, stratifying patients into three age groups (under 35 years, between 35 and 38 years, and over 38 years). 2. Comparison of reproductive results of patients undergoing a “freeze-all” IVF cycle who have received their first FET during the first menstrual cycle after egg retrieval (263 cycles) versus those who received it in subsequent cycles (249 cycles). We performed a univariate (Chi-square) analysis of the results and a multivariate logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Results We observed no statistically significant differences in live birth rate in women older than 35 years of age, independently of the number of retrieved oocytes. The pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower in the 35-38 years group that underwent a freeze-all cycle. Our results showed no significant impact of timing of the first FET on live birth, clinical pregnancy or pregnancy loss rates in women undergoing a freeze-all strategy. Conclusions Women under 35 years of age would benefit from a freeze-all strategy to optimize their live birth rate. Women between 35 and 38 years of age would benefit from a freeze-all strategy to decrease their pregnancy loss rate. Time elapsed between egg retrieval and the first FET in women undergoing a freeze-all strategy has no impact on live birth, clinical pregnancy or pregnancy loss rates. This information allows clinicians to take patients’ preferences into account when deciding the best moment to perform the embryo transfer in this population of patients.

Keywords

618, Frozen embry transfer, Transferencia embrionaria en fresco, Criotransferencia embrionària, In vitro fertilization, Transferència embrionària en fresc, Fresh embryo transfer, Fecundación in vitro, Criotransferencia embrionaria, Ciències de la Salut, Fecundació in vitro

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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