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Doctoral thesis . 2019
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Alteraciones ecográficas secundarias a esquistosomiasis urinaria en un área de alta endemia

Authors: Bocanegra García, Cristina;

Alteraciones ecográficas secundarias a esquistosomiasis urinaria en un área de alta endemia

Abstract

La esquistosomiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria dentro del grupo de las denominadas “enfermedades desatendidas”. Se estima que unos 240 millones de personas están infectadas en todo el mundo. En el Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, situado en el municipio de Cubal, Angola, donde se realizó la presente tesis doctoral, la esquistosomiasis urinaria es una patología frecuente. Sin embargo, la epidemiología concreta, los factores de riesgo para su adquisición o la carga de enfermedad eran desconocidas. En esta tesis se incluyen dos estudios ecográficos que analizan el nivel de morbilidad secundaria a esquistosomiasis presente en el municipio. Estudian además el papel del análisis de orina mediante tiras reactivas como posibles marcadores de gravedad y los cambios evolutivos de todos estos parámetros tras la realización de tratamiento. Los hallazgos principales indican que se trata de una zona con una de las cargas de enfermedad en relación a esquistosomiasis urinaria de las más elevadas descritas en África Subsahariana, que la tira reactiva de orina, y principalmente los niveles de proteinuria mayores de 300 mg/dL permiten predecir la presencia de lesiones de gravedad, y que a los seis meses del tratamiento las lesiones revierten de forma muy significativa, pero no desaparecen por completo. Cabe destacar que ambos trabajos se basan en el artículo incluido en el anexo, realizado por parte del mismo equipo y publicado anteriormente a la inscripción en el programa de doctorado. Se trata del estudio epidemiológico inicial, que tiene como hallazgo principal la detección de una prevalencia de esquistosomiasis urinaria muy elevada (del 61%) en escolares, que califica al municipio como de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y por tanto es tributario del inicio de forma inmediata de medidas preventivas.

Human schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease within the group of so-called "neglected diseases". It is estimated that roughly 240 million people are infected worldwide. In the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, located in the municipality of Cubal, Angola, where the present document was carried out, urinary schistosomiasis is a frequent diagnosis. However, the epidemiology in the area, the risk factors for its acquisition or the burden of disease in the area were unknown. This thesis includes two sonographic studies that analyze the level of morbidity secondary to schistosomiasis present in the city. They also study the role of urine analysis using reactive strips as possible markers of severity and the evolution of all these parameters after the completion of treatment. The main findings indicate that it is an area with one of the highest burden of disease in relation to urinary schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa; it shows also that urine dipsticks, and mainly proteinuria levels greater than 300 mg / dL, are useful to predict the presence of severe lesions; after six months of treatment the lesions revert in a very significant way, but they do not disappear completely. It is noteworthy that both works are based on the article included in the annex, made by the same team and published previously to the inscription in the doctoral program. This is the initial epidemiological study, which has as its main finding the detection of a very high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis (61%) in schoolchildren, which qualifies the municipality as high risk for the development of complications, according to the World Health Organization, and therefore is tributary of the immediate start of preventive measures.

Keywords

Ecografias, Neglected diseases, 616.9, Malalties desateses, Ultrasound, Esquistosomiasis, Schistosomiasis, Enfermedades desatendidas, Esquistosomiasi, Ciències de la Salut, Ecografies

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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