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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2019
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2019
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Motilidad y virulencia en el patógeno nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii

Authors: Pérez Varela, María;

Motilidad y virulencia en el patógeno nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii es un microorganismo causante de infecciones nosocomiales que, en los últimos años, se está convirtiendo en un serio problema de salud a nivel mundial. La aparición de cepas resistentes a prácticamente todos los agentes antimicrobianos de uso frecuente en clínica provoca que algunas infecciones sean prácticamente intratables. Junto a su enorme capacidad de desarrollar resistencias, A. baumannii también se caracteriza por ser capaz de desplazarse a través de superficies mediante un particular tipo de motilidad poco estudiado y exclusivo de este género que se conoce como surface-associated motility. El objetivo global de esta Tesis Doctoral es la identificación de genes implicados en este tipo de motilidad, así como el estudio de su relación con la patogenicidad de A. baumannii. En este trabajo, se han aislado mutantes espontáneos resistentes a rifampicina con patrones de motilidad alterados y se ha estudiado su virulencia en el modelo de Caenorhabditis elegans. Además, mediante el análisis del perfil transcripcional de los mutantes y la cepa salvaje se han identificado 6 genes, ampliamente distribuidos entre cepas clínicas, cuya expresión disminuye en los mutantes que presentan una pérdida de motilidad. La construcción de mutantes y el posterior análisis fenotípico revelaron que la inactivación de 4 de estos genes, que codifican enzimas metabólicas y transportadores, provoca una reducción de la motilidad y de la virulencia en A. baumannii. Entre estos genes, se ha identificado una nueva bomba de expulsión que, tras su caracterización funcional, se ha demostrado que está implicada en la resistencia a quinolonas. Además, con el objetivo de determinar si otras bombas de expulsión pertenecientes a diferentes familias de transportadores presentan un papel relevante en la motilidad y la virulencia de A. baumannii, se realizaron mutantes de 11 genes, identificando nuevos transportadores que también participan en la patogénesis de A. baumannii. Los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis Doctoral ponen de manifiesto que la inactivación de ciertas enzimas metabólicas y bombas de expulsión provoca una reducción de la motilidad y de la virulencia en A. baumannii. De esta forma, se relaciona claramente por primera vez una abolición de la motilidad de tipo surface-associated motility con una atenuación de la virulencia en este patógeno nosocomial. Además, los datos obtenidos en este trabajo abren nuevos frentes en el estudio de nuevos mecanismos de resistencia en este microorganismo.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a microorganism that causes nosocomial infections and, in recent years, it is becoming a serious health problem worldwide. The emergence of strains resistant to practically all the antimicrobial agents frequently used in the clinic environment turns some infections practically untreatable. With its enormous ability to develop resistances, A. baumannii is also characterized by being able to move through surfaces through a particular little known sort of motility exclusive to this genre, which is known as surface-associated motility. The overall objective of this Doctoral Thesis is the identification of genes involved in this kind of motility, and the study of its relationship with the pathogenicity of A. baumannii. In this work, rifampin-resistant spontaneous mutants presenting altered motility patterns have been isolated and their virulence has been studied in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. In addition, through the analysis of the transcriptional profile between these mutants and the wild-type strain, 6 genes were identified, widely distributed among clinical strains, and whose expression was found decreased in the nonmotile mutants. The construction of mutants and the subsequent phenotypic analysis revealed that the inactivation of 4 of these genes, which encode metabolic enzymes and transporters, causes a reduction in motility and virulence in A. baumannii. Among these genes, a new efflux pump has been identified which, after its functional characterization, has been shown to be involved in the resistance to quinolones. In addition, in order to determine if other expulsion pumps belonging to different families of transporters have a relevant role in the motility and virulence of A. baumannii, mutants of 11 genes were carried out, identifying new transporters that also participate in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii. The results obtained in this Doctoral Thesis show that the inactivation of certain metabolic enzymes and efflux pumps causes a reduction in motility and virulence in A. baumannii. In this way, an abolition of surface-associated motility with an attenuation of virulence in this nosocomial pathogen is clearly related for the first time. In addition, the data obtained in this work open new fronts in the study of new mechanisms of resistance in this microorganism.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Acinetobacter baumannii, Virulencia, Virulence, Ciències Experimentals, Motilitat, Motilidad, Virulència, Motility, 579

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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