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High resolution X-ray single crystal diffraction

Authors: Escudero Adán, Eduardo Carmelo;

High resolution X-ray single crystal diffraction

Abstract

radiación de molibdeno para asignar la configuración absoluta de una serie de moléculas orgánicas. Las moléculas medidas fueron seleccionadas teniendo en cuenta que el elemento más pesado de su composición química fuera el oxígeno. Es bien conocido que la dispersión anómala de este tipo de compuestos es muy débil y dificulta la asignación de configuración absoluta mediante esta técnica. El resultados de este trabajo demuestran que la metodología empleada es muy efectivo para poder asignar inequívocamente la configuración absoluta correcta en este tipo de moléculas. This thesis uses high resolution single crystal X-ray diffraction data in order to obtain experimental detailed charge density distribution maps that can exhibit intra and intermolecular interactions. The charge density maps are obtained through the multipolar refinement. Particularly, this work focuses in lasts classified non-covalent attractive interactions due to sigma and pi holes, triel, tetrel, pnictogen and chalcogen bonds. The weakness of these interactions make necessary very accurate and precise maps. In the same manner, in this works they have been determined the quadrupolar moment and the molecular electrostatic potential of a series of phenyl rings substituted with different chemical groups. The experimental data obtained in this way have been used to validate theoretical predictions. Eventually in this work, high resolution single crystal X-ray diffraction data using molybdenum radiation has been employed to assign the absolute configuration of a series of organic molecules. The measured molecules were selected containing oxygen as heaviest atom since the anomalous dispersion of these kind of compounds is very weak. The use of high resolution data has been proved to be effective in order to unequivocally assign the correct absolute configuration in this kind of molecules.

Esta tesis doctoral describe el uso de datos de alta resolución de difracción de rayos X de monocristal para la obtención de mapas experimentales detallados de distribución de densidad de carga. Estos mapas sirven para evidenciar experimentalmente la existencia de interacciones intra- e inter-moleculares débiles dentro de la estructura del cristal. Los mapas de densidad de carga se obtienen mediante un refinamiento multipolar de la estructura cristalina. En concreto, este trabajo se centra en evidenciar experimentalmente las interacciones atractivas no covalente recientemente descritas teóricamente y que dan lugar a la formación de enlaces de tipo "sigma y pi hole". Los términos enlaces de Triel, tetrel, pnictogen y chalcogen fueron recientemente introducidos para referirse a estas interacciones en función del grupo (14, 15 y 16) al que pertenece el átomo implicado como centro electrofílico. El hecho de que estas interacciones sean muy débiles hace necesario la obtención de mapas de densidad electrónica muy precisos. También se han utilizado estos mapas de densidad electrónica para determinar experimental el momento cuadrupolar y el potencial electrostático molecular de una serie de anillos de fenilo con diferentes sustituyentes. Los datos experimentales obtenidos de esta forma han servido para validar los resultados de cálculos teóricos.

Aquesta tesi doctoral descriu l'ús de dades d'alta resolució de difracció de raigs X de monocristall per a la obtenció de mapes experimentals detallats de distribució de densitat de càrrega. Aquests mapes serveixen per evidenciar experimentalment l'existència d'interaccions intra- i inter-moleculars febles dins de l'estructura del vidre. Els mapes de densitat de càrrega s'obtenen mitjançant un refinament multipolar de l'estructura cristal·lina. En concret, aquest treball se centra en evidenciar experimentalment les interaccions atractives no covalent recentment descrites teòricament i que donen lloc a la formació d'enllaços de tipus "sigma i pi hole". Els termes enllaços de Triel, tetrel, pnictogen i chalcogen van ser recentment introduïts per referir-se a aquestes interaccions en funció del grup (14, 15 i 16) al qual pertany l'àtom implicat com a centre electrofílic. el fet que aquestes interaccions siguin molt febles fa necessari l'obtenció de mapes de densitat electrònica molt precisos. També s'han utilitzat aquests mapes de densitat electrònica per determinar experimental el moment quadrupolar i el potencial electrostàtic molecular d'una sèrie d'anells de fenil amb diferents substituents. Les dades experimentals obtingudes d'aquesta manera han servit per validar els resultats de càlculs teòrics.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Ciències, Configuracio absoluta, 544, Difracción de rayos X, Difraccio de raigs X, X-ray diffraction, 543, Densidad electrónica de carga, 548, 539, Absolute configuration, Densitat electronica de carga, Configuración absoluta, Electron Charge Density

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green