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Riesgo de cáncer colorrectal asociado a medicamentos: estudio de casos y controles

Authors: Pontes García, Caridad;

Riesgo de cáncer colorrectal asociado a medicamentos: estudio de casos y controles

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles de base hospitalaria para estimar el riesgo de padecer cáncer colorrectal en función de diversos factores ambientales, entre los que se realizó un énfasis especial en la exposición a medicamentos, y para explorar la posible interacción de los factores ambientales entre sí y con determinadas alteraciones genéticas. De un total de 436 casos de cáncer colorrectal y 416 controles estudiados, 345 (79.13%) casos y 346 (83.17%) controles refirieron haber utilizado medicamentos con anterioridad a su ingreso y de forma continua durante 6 o más meses. De estos 691 sujetos se recogieron datos sobre el uso de un total de 2547 medicamentos (1376 entre los casos y 1171 entre los controles). Se codificaron los medicamentos para describir la frecuencia de uso de los diversos tipos de fármacos y grupos terapéuticos. A partir de los datos se exploró la asociación entre la presencia de cáncer y el uso de los distintos tipos de fármacos, agrupados según los niveles descritos, considerando la duración y la secuencia temporal de la exposición respecto al cáncer, las características clínicas y genéticas de los tumores y ajustando los riesgos por edad y sexo. Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre el uso crónico de laxantes, antianémicos e hipouricemiantes y un incremento de riesgo de cáncer colorrectal, así como asociaciones entre un menor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y el uso crónico de antiinflamatorios no esteroides, fármacos para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares e insulina. Varias de las observaciones estudiadas sugieren mecanismos carcinogénicos comunes en los que de una forma u otra se implica la desregulación de la insulina y/o la alteración de factores de crecimiento relacionados con la insulina. La confluencia de varias observaciones en un mismo mecanismo probablemente está reflejando que las principales causas de morbimortalidad en la cultura occidental son de origen ambiental y por lo tanto modificables en una gran proporción.

A prospective case-control hospital-based study was conducted to estimate the risk of colorectal cancer as a function of several enviromental factors, including drug exposure. An special attention was paid to drug use, and also to explore any interaction between drugs and enviromental factors and/or some genetical abnormalities. Overall, 436 colorectal cancer cases and 416 controls were studied, of which 345 cases (79.13%) and 346 controls (83.17%) referred the use of at least one medication continuously for at least 6 months prior to admission. Data on a total of 2547 exposures (1376 from case subjects and 1171 from control subjects) was collected from these 691 subjects. Medications were coded in order to describe frequencies of exposure to different drug types and therapeutic groups. The association between exposures and disease was explored to assess colorectal cancer risk, using drug exposure data, adjusting by age and sex, considering the lenght of the exposure and the temporal sequence with the cancer, as well as some clinical anf genetical features of the disease. Significant associations were observed suggesting an increased risk amongst chronic users of laxatives, of iron supplements and of treatments for hyperuricaemia, as well as reduced risk estimates for patients with chronic exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular drugs and insulin.Several of the observed associations suggested common carcinogenic mechanisms involving to different degrees features of insulin disregulation and/or affecting insulin-related growth factors. Confluence of several observations into a common mechanism were probably reflecting that the main causes for morbimortality in occidental cultures can be attributed to enviromental factors, and thus could be potentially modifiable to a wide extent.

Country
Spain
Keywords

615, Cáncer colorrectal, Caso-control, Ciències de la Salut, Utilización medicamentos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Cancer Research