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Valorización del aceite de ricino en química de polímeros: Síntesis de poliésteres y poliuretanos a partir de heptanal.

Authors: Ruiz Villán, Lorena;

Valorización del aceite de ricino en química de polímeros: Síntesis de poliésteres y poliuretanos a partir de heptanal.

Abstract

En la actualidad, los poliuretanos y los poliésteres son dos de los materiales poliméricos más importantes ya a que se pueden utilizar en multitud de areas debido a su versatilidad. Los últimos avances en la investigación sobre este tipo de polímeros son impulsados por la creciente demanda de procesos más sostenibles y el uso de materias primas renovables. Algunas de estas materias primas renovables son los aceites vegetales, como el aceite de ricino el cual no es comestible. A partir de este aceite, se obtiene el ácido ricinoleico con un alto rendimiento. Este ácido se convierte mediante pirólisis en ácido undecenoico y heptanal. El ácido undecienoico ha sido ampliamente utilizado para la síntesis de diferentes monómeros y polímeros con elevados rendimientos y sostenibilidad química. En cambio el heptanal, apreciado por las cualidades olfativas de algunos de sus derivados, es ampliamente utilizado como un intermediario de síntesis para la industria de fragancias y aromas. Sin embargo, el uso de este compuesto como producto intermedio químico en la química de polímeros es prácticamente inexistente. En esta tesis se ha investigado una amplia variedad de transformaciones químicas para obtener monómeros bifuncionales y renovables así como sus poliésteres y poliuretanos, utilizando heptanal como materia prima. Además, se desarrollaron diferentes nanosistemas basados en estos polímeros como son micelas o nanocápsulas. Como conclusión general, se ha demostrado que la transformación de heptanal en monómeros y polimeros mediante procesos mediambientalmente compatibles es una alternativa sostenible en química de polimeros.

En la actualitat, els poliuretans i els polièsters són dos dels materials polimèrics més importants ia que se poden utilitzar en multitud de camps donada la seva versatilitat. Els últims avenços en la investigació sobre aquest tipus de polímers venen donats per la creixent demanda de processos més sostenibles i l'ús de matèries primeras d'origen renovable. Algunes d'aquestes són els olis vegetals, com l'oli de ricí el qual no és apte per el consum humà. A partir d'aquest oli, s'obté l'àcid ricinoleic amb un rendiment elevat. Aquest àcid es converteix mitjançant piròlisi en àcid undecenoic i heptanal. L'àcid undecenoic ha estat àmpliament utilitzat per a la síntesi de diferents monòmers i polímers amb elevats rendiments i sostenibilitat química. En canvi el heptanal, apreciat per les qualitats olfactives d'alguns dels seus derivats, és àmpliament utilitzat com un intermediari de síntesi per a la indústria de fragàncies i aromes. Malgrat l'ús d'aquest compost com a producte intermedi químic en la química de polímers és pràcticament inexistent. En la present tesi s'ha investigat una àmplia varietat de transformacions químiques per obtenir monòmers bifuncionals i renovables així com els seus polièsters i poliuretans, utilitzant heptanal com a matèria primera. Tanmateix, s'han desenvolupat diferents nanosistemes basats en aquests polímers com són micel·les o nanocàpsules. Com a conclusió general, s'ha demostrat que la transformació de l'heptanal en monòmers i polimers mitjançant processos mediambientalment compatibles és una alternativa sostenible en química de polimers.

Nowadays, polyurethanes and polyesters are two of the most important polymeric materials that can be used in different applications due to their versatility. The recents advances in the research of these kinds of polymers are driven by the growing demand for greener processes and the use of renewable raw materials. Some of these renewable raw materials are vegetable oils, such as non-edible castor oil. From this oil, ricinoleic acid is obtained in a high yield. Ricinoleic acid is converted by chemical thermal cracking process into undecenoic acid and heptanal. Undecenoic acid has been widely used for the synthesis of different monomers and polymers combining high performance and sustainability. Heptanal, appreciated for the olfactory qualities of certain of its derivatives, is widely used as a synthesis intermediate for fragrance and aroma industry. However, the use of C7 cut of castor oil thermal cracking as a chemical intermediate in polymer chemistry is practically non-existent. In this thesis, we have explored a wide variety of chemical transformations to obtain bifunctional biobased monomers and their polyesters and polyurethanes, using heptanal such as raw material. Furthermore, the development a novel nanoparticles with some of these materials was carried out. As a general conclusion, the transformation of heptanal into monomers and polymers using environmentally friendly procedures has been shown to be a sustainable alternative in polymer chemistry.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

vegetable oils, Ciències, polyurethanes, poliuretans, Poliesters, polyesters, 547, 54, olis vegetals, poliésteres, aceites vegetales, poliuretanos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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