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Niveles ambientales de aeroalergeno de soja en la ciudad de Barcelona

Authors: Cruz Carmona, María Jesús;

Niveles ambientales de aeroalergeno de soja en la ciudad de Barcelona

Abstract

Introducción: Las epidemias de asma y la mortalidad debida a la inhalación de antígenos de soja, está ampliamente documentada en la ciudad de Barcelona. La cuantificación de los niveles ambientales de aeroalergeno de soja en Barcelona y en otras ciudades donde se descarga soja, tiene una importancia creciente para controlar el grado de exposición de la población y para evaluar la influencia de esta exposición en el desarrollo de síntomas de asma. Por otro lado, en 1998 se establecieron en Barcelona unas medidas estrictas para los procesos de descarga con el objetivo de eliminar la dispersión de polvo de soja a la atmósfera. Objetivo: Los objetivos del estudio fueron: 1) Estandarizar un método de ELISA-inhibición amplificado para cuantificar el aeroalergeno de soja, 2) comparar este método con un método de RAST-inhibición previamente descrito y 3) estudiar la efectividad de estas nuevas medidas y, si son efectivas, recomendar la implantación de las mismas en los puertos donde se descarga soja. Metodos y resultados: Se estandarizó un método competitivo de ELISA-inhibición con un sistema amplificado biotina-estreptavidina utilizando un pool de sueros de pacientes sensibilizados a la soja. Los resultados fueron expresados como U/ml utilizando un estándar de referencia de bajo peso molecular (LMM). La reproducibilidad se calculó comparando la pendiente de las líneas de regresión de las curvas estándar de 4 ensayos consecutivos y determinando el coeficiente de variación (CV) del porcentaje de inhibición de cada punto de varias curvas estándar independientes, realizadas en un mismo ensayo (inter-ensayo) y en diferentes ensayos (intra-ensayo). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las pendientes de las líneas de regresión analizadas mediante el análisis de la covarianza (ANCOVA) F=1.04. El CV entre ensayos varió entre 4-22% (para el rango utilizado en la curva estándar) y fue mayor que el CV intra-ensayo que osciló entre 5-10%. Se consideró como criterio válido para aceptar un resultado solo los valores con un CV(%) inferior al 20%. El 78.5% de las muestras analizadas cumplían este criterio. Los métodos de RAST-inhibición y ELISA-inhibición fueron comparados mediante el método de Bland y Altman, analizando los eluídos de los filtros de 338 muestras de aire. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0.456 (pLos niveles de aeroalergeno de soja fueron analizados diariamente durante un periodo de 5 años y dos meses con un total de 1854 muestras, 125 de un periodo pre-intervención y 1729 de un periodo post-intervención. Además, se registró el número de admisiones por asma en los servicios de urgencias de los tres hospitales más grandes de la ciudad. También se investigó el número de pacientes atendidos a domicilio por el servicio público de atención domiciliaria y las autopsias judiciales para comprobar las posibles muertes por asma. La concentración media de aeroalergeno de soja fue de 159 U/m3 en el periodo pre-intervención y 39 U/m3 en el periodo post-intervención (pConclusiones: Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio son comparables a los reportados para otros inmunoensayos similares. Además, a pesar de la dificultad en comparar valores de muestras ambientales entre diferentes laboratorios, el índice kappa obtenido indica que existe una buena correlación entre ambos métodos. Estos datos demuestran que el inmunoensayo estandarizado es útil para medir la concentración ambiental de aeroalergeo de soja y puede ser utilizado además para evaluar la relación entre exposición y el desarrollo de síntomas de asma. La implantación de una medias protectoras estrictas en los silos para la los procesos de descarga de soja ha reducido la concentración de polvo de soja en la atmósfera, lo que pone en evidencia la efectividad de esta medidas.

Background: Asthma attacks and mortality due to inhalation of soybean antigens in Barcelona has been well documented. Measurement of the soybean aeroallergen in Barcelona and other cities where soybean is unloaded, is of increasing importance in controlling population exposure and evaluating the influence of such exposure on the persistence of asthma symptoms. O the other hand, strict protective measures in the unloading process were established in 1998 to avoid the release of soybean dust into the atmosphere.Objective: The aims of the study were: 1) standardize an amplified ELISA-inhibition method for quantification of the soybean aeroallergen and 2) to compare this method to a previously described RAST-inhibition method and 3) to assess the effectiveness of these latest environmental measures, and, if effective, to recommend their implementation in the many harbours where soybean is unloaded. Methods and results: An amplified competitive ELISA-inhibition method with a biotin-streptavidin system was carried out using a pool of sera from soybean-sensitized patients. The results were expressed as U/ml using a reference standard of low molecular mass (LMM) soybean allergen. Reproducibility was calculated by statistically comparing the slope of the regression lines of the standard curve of 4 consecutive assays and by determining the coefficient of variation (CV) of the percentage of inhibition data for each point of several independent standard curves, each from the same assay (intra-assay) and also from a separate assay (inter-assay). No significant differences in the slopes of the lines were obtained by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) F=1.04. The CV between assays varied between 4-22% (for the assay range used in the reference standard) and was greater than the CV within assays range 5-10%. Only values with a CV(%) less than 20% were considered as criteria for acceptance of the results. 78.5% of the samples were within this criterion. The RAST-inhibition and ELISA-inhibition methods were compared by difference plots from the values of 338 air filter eluates. The intraclass correlation coeffcient was 0.456 (pLevels of soybean aeroallergen were analysed daily during a period of 5 years and 2 months in a total of 1854 samples, 125 from the pre-intervention period and 1729 from the post-intervention period. Additionally, the number of asthma admissions to the emergency rooms of the city's three largest hospitals was recorded. Asthma patients attended at home by the public home emergency service and judicial autopsies registering asthma deaths were also investigated. Mean concentration of soybean aeroallergen was 159 U/m3 in the pre-intervention period and 39 U/m3 in the post-intervention period (pConclusions The data obtained in the present study are comparable to those reported from other similar immunoassays. Moreover, spite the difficulty in comparing air sampling values from different laboratories, the kappa index may be taken to present fairly good agreement beyond chance between both methods. All these data demonstrate that the present immunoassay is useful for measuring airborne soybean aeroallergens and can be used also to evaluate the relationship between exposure and the development of asthma symptoms. Implementation of stricter protective measures in silos for the soybean unloading process has reduced the concentration of soybean dust in the atmosphere and evidences the effectiveness of the measures adopted.

Keywords

Soja, 616.2, Aeroalergeno, Elisa-inhibición, Ciències de la Salut

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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