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Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular en esquizofrenia y trastornos relacionados

Authors: Berrocal Izquierdo, Núria;

Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular en esquizofrenia y trastornos relacionados

Abstract

La salud física de los pacientes con trastorno mental grave es un campo de interés creciente en medicina. En concreto, la enfermedad cerebrovascular es la causa más frecuente de muerte natural prematura en los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia, por lo que debería incluirse en toda estrategia de salud que incluya a dicha población. La tesis presentada nace de la percepción de los neurólogos del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu de que los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia presentan una frecuencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular mayor de la esperada por edad y comorbilidad vascular. Se han realizado 3 estudios (una serie de casos, un estudio de casos y controles y un estudio de cohortes retrospectivas) en los que se explora la relación entre salud cardiovascular, enfermedad cerebrovascular, uso de antipsicóticos, trastorno mental grave y trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia. El concepto de “enfermedad cerebrovascular” no se limita al clásico de “ictus” o “accidente isquémico transitorio” sinó que se extiende al de “enfermedad cerebrovascular silente”. Ésta última es una entidad controvertida, en continua evaluación y sobre la que se realiza una extensa revisión en la tesis. La carga vascular global se ha medido con el Framingham Risk Score. Las conclusiones finales de la valoración conjunta de los tres estudios son: - Los hechos aislados de presentar algún tipo de trastorno mental grave y de tomar antipsicóticos no aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular. - Los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia sí presentan una mayor comorbilidad cerebrovascular, comparados con pacientes con otros trastornos mentales severos e independientemente de la carga vascular global. - El uso prolongado de politerapia antipsicótica se relaciona con la presencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular en población con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia, también de forma independiente de la carga vascular global.

This thesis is based on the perception of Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu neurologists that patients with schizophrenia-related disorders present a higher frequency of cerebrovascular disease than expected for their age and vascular comorbidity. We present 3 studies in which the relationship among vascular health, cerebrovascular disease, antipsychotic drugs, severe mental illness and psychotic disorders is explored in middle-aged and elderly adults. After the evaluation of these studies we conclude that neither the isolated events of presenting any type of serious mental illness nor taking antipsychotics drugs increase the risk of cerebrovascular morbidity. Nevertheless, we found that patients with schizophrenia-related disorders do have greater risk of cerebrovascular pathology, regardless of global vascular load. In addition, prolonged use of antipsychotic polytherapy is related to the presence of cerebrovascular comorbidity in the population with schizophrenia-related disorders. We conclude that the relationship between chronic schizophrenia-related disorders and cerebrovascular disease may be beyond the classic cardiovascular risk factors and may also be related to certain medications.

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Spain
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Keywords

Enfermedades mentales, 616.8, Esquizofrenia, Ciències de la Salut, Enfermedades cerebrovasculares, Mental illness, Neurolépticos, Schizophrenia, Esquizofrènia, Antipsicòtics, Antipsychotic drugs, Cerebrovascular disease, Malalties mentals, Malalties cerebrovasculars

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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