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Evaluación de reservorios ambientales de partículas fágicas portadoras de genes resistencia a antibióticos

Authors: Calero Cáceres, William;

Evaluación de reservorios ambientales de partículas fágicas portadoras de genes resistencia a antibióticos

Abstract

La presente tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo principal el estudio de la presencia y persistencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos (ARGs) de importancia clínica en diferentes muestras ambientales, en las fracciones fágica y bacteriana. De manera específica, se abarcaron los siguientes temas: (1) El uso de los genes de resistencia a antibióticos de importancia clínica como potenciales marcadores de comparación de los patrones de resistencia a antibióticos en una población. En este estudio, se compararon el contenido de ARGs en las fracciones bacteriana y fágica en agua residual de dos regiones geográficas diferentes (Túnez y Barcelona, España); en donde se detectaron variaciones significativas en las densidades de ARGs atribuidas a los niveles de expansión de los diferentes genes de resistencia, así como a las diferencias climáticas, socioeconómicas y culturales. (2) También se evaluó la persistencia de los genes de resistencia a antibióticos en las fracciones de bacteria y bacteriófagos de agua residual; en donde se detectó una mayor persistencia de los ARGs presentes en la fracción fágica en comparación a la bacteriana frente a diferentes tratamientos de desinfección fisicoquímica e inactivación natural utilizando mesocosmos. (3) Adicionalmente, se evaluó la presencia de elevados niveles de ARGs en los lodos de depuradoras de agua residual; en donde se evidenció una movilización de los ARGs presentes en las fracciones fágica y bacteriana de las aguas residuales hacia los lodos durante los procesos de depuración. (4) También se estudiaron los niveles de ARGs presentes en un río Mediterráneo, en donde se detectaron elevados niveles de resistencia en las fracciones bacteriana y fágica en muestras de agua de río y sedimentos; también se detectaron variaciones estacionales en los niveles de ARGs. Los ARGs presentes de forma natural en los sedimentos pueden persistir durante largos períodos de tiempo bajo diferentes condiciones, confirmando su papel como reservorios ambientales de ARGs.

This PhD thesis has as a main objective the study of the presence and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with clinical significance in different environmental samples, in both the phage and bacterial fractions. The following topics are covered: (1) The use of the content of clinically relevant ARGs in sewage as potential markers for comparison of antibiotic resistance patterns in a population. In this study, the content of ARGs in both the bacterial and phage fractions from two different geographic regions (Tunisia and Barcelona, Spain) are analyzed. Significant changes were detected in the densities of ARGs levels; according to the dissemination level, and climatic, socioeconomic and cultural differences. (2) The persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacteria and bacteriophage fractions of wastewater are evaluated. A greater persistence of phage ARGs in comparison with bacterial ARGs was detected against different disinfection techniques and natural inactivation using mesocosms. (3) The prevalence of ARGs in the bacterial and phage fractions of anaerobic digested sludge was evaluated. Comparison between the wastewater and sludge revealed a shift in the prevalence of ARGs, suggesting there is a change in the bacterial and phage populations from wastewater to those selected during the secondary treatment and the later anaerobic mesophilic digestion of the sludge (4) The ARGs levels in both the bacterial and bacteriophage fraction are studied in river water and sediments from a Mediterranean river, with an ancient history of pollution. High levels of resistance were detected in both the bacterial and phage fractions. Seasonal variations in the levels of ARGs were also detected. ARGs naturally present in sediments may persist for long periods under different conditions, confirming their role as environmental reservoirs of ARGs.

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Spain
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Keywords

Genetic transformation, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, Transformación genética, Resistencia a los medicamentos, Antibiòtics, 579, Antibióticos, Transformació genètica, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques, Resistència als medicaments

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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