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Òrbites de segona espècie del problema espacial de 3 cossos

Authors: Barrabés Vera, Esther;

Òrbites de segona espècie del problema espacial de 3 cossos

Abstract

Òrbites de segona espècie del problema espacial de 3 cossosEl problema general de tres cossos consisteix en l'estudi del moviment de tres cossos subjectes a les atraccions gravitacionals mútues. Una simplificació d'aquest problema s'obté en considerar que un dels cossos té massa menyspreable (P), de manera que la seva presència no afecta el moviment dels altres dos (anomenats primaris, E i M), els quals es mouen en òrbites circulars al voltant del seu centre de masses. L'estudi del moviment del tercer cos degut a l'atracció dels dos primaris és el que es coneix com a problema restringit de tres cossos, pla o espacial segons que aquest moviment es mantingui en el pla orbital dels primaris o no.En aquest context, es situa l'origen de coordenades en el centre de masses dels dos primaris i es pren un sistema d'eixos giratori (sinòdic) de manera que aquests es trobin fixos sobre un dels eixos. Prenent les unitats adequades, els cossos E i M tenen masses 1-m i m respectivament, on m [0,1]. Poincaré en els Méthodes Nouvelles de la Mechanique Celeste defineix dos tipus de solucions periòdiques del problema restringit: les de primera espècie, que són solucions properes a òrbites keplerianes per valors de m petits, i les de segona espècie, que són properes a arcs d'el·lipse connectats per punts angulosos. Aquestes últimes són òrbites que passen molt a prop del primari de massa petita.Ens centrem en l'estudi de les òrbites p-q ressonants. Són òrbites que surten d'un entorn de centre M i radi ma i que, després d'allunyar-se, tornen a ell al cap d'un cert temps, durant el qual el primari petit a fet aproximadament q voltes al voltant de E i el cos infinitesimal n'ha fet p. Mentre P està fora de l'entorn de M, es veu que la solució del problema restringit (solució exterior) es pot aproximar per la d'un problema de dos cossos i es calcula de quin ordre és l'error que es comet en l'aproximació. Aquesta aproximació ens permetrà calcular la posició i velocitat del tercer cos en l'instant de retorn a l'entorn de M i estudiar quines condicions inicials asseguren que l'òrbita és p-q ressonant.S'estudia també la solució del problema restringit amb les mateixes condicions inicials sobre l'entorn de M de radi ma, però fent anar el temps enrera i passant per dins l'entorn (solució interior). En aquest cas es veu que l'òrbita del tercer cos s'aproxima per una d'hiperbòlica i es calcula l'error que es comet en l'aproximació, la qual ens permetrà donar la posició i velocitat de P en el moment de sortir de l'entorn de M i després d'haver-hi passat per dins. Finalment, s'estudia quines condicions inicials asseguren que les posicions i velocitats de retorn a l'entorn exteriors i interiors coincideixen fins a ordre ma i a més asseguren que l'òrbita és p-q ressonant. La memòria finalitza amb algunes exploracions numèriques que mostren famílies d'òrbites periòdiques espacials trobades a partir d'òrbites crítiques, periòdiques i simètriques de segona espècie planes.

Second Species Orbits of the Spatial Three Body ProblemThe three-body problem consists of studying the movement of three bodies subjected to their mutual gravitational attraction. This problem can be simplified considering that the mass of one of the bodies (P) is negligible and has no effect on the movement of the other two bodies (E and M, called primaries), which are moving in circular orbits around their centre of mass. The study of the movement of the massless body is known as the Restricted Three-Body Problem (RTBP). It is called Plane RTBP if the third body keeps within the orbital plane of the primaries and, if not, spatial. The later will be our case.In this context, we take a synodical system, in which the origin of coordinates is at the centre of the masses and the primaries are fixed on the x-axis. The units can be chosen in such a way that E and M have respectively mass 1-m and m, where m [0,1]. Poincaré in Méthodes Nouvelles de la Mechanique Celeste defines two classes of periodic solutions in the restricted problem: first species and second species. The first ones are close to Keplerian circles or ellipses for values of m near zero, and the second ones are closed to arcs of Keplerian ellipses joined by corners. These are orbits which several passages near the small primary.Our study is focused on the p-q resonant orbits. These orbits leave the neighbourhood of centre M and radius ma and return to it, while the small and the infinitesimal bodies do p and q revolutions respectively around the main primary. While the third body is far from the small body, the solution of the restricted problem (called outer solution) can be approximated by a two-body solution (an elliptic orbit) and the error involved in the approximation is calculated. This approximated orbit allows us to calculate the position and the velocity of the third body at the time of its return to the neighbourhood of M and to study which initial conditions ensure that the orbit is p-q resonant. The solution to the restricted problem with the same initial conditions on the ball of centre M and radius ma, but moving back inside the ball (called inner solution) is also studied. In that case the orbit of the third body can be approximated by a hyperbola and the error involved in the approximation can also be calculated. This approximation gives us the position and the velocity at the time the orbit leaves the ball after passing through it. In order to obtain periodic orbits it is necessary that the outer and inner applications match. To give an approximation, the set of initial conditions which ensure that the return positions and the velocities match up to order of ma and the orbit is p-q resonant is studied.Finally there are several numerical explorations that show families of spatial, periodic orbits originating from plane, critical, symmetric, periodic second species orbits.

Keywords

òrbites de segona espècie, Problema restringit, Ciències Experimentals, 52, Òrbites p-q ressonants

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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