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Registro de medicamentos genéricos de uso humano: Estudio jurídico comparado entre Europa y Estados Unidos

Authors: Montpart Costa, Elisabet;

Registro de medicamentos genéricos de uso humano: Estudio jurídico comparado entre Europa y Estados Unidos

Abstract

El medicamento genérico tiene un papel importante en el mercado farmacéutico debido a que proporciona medicamentos terapéuticamente equivalentes a un medicamento innovador de referencia y a precios más competitivos. La industria farmacéutica del medicamento genérico con visión internacional necesita una regulación armonizada que permita desarrollar desde el punto de vista científico y también legal un medicamento genérico global, que consecuentemente conlleven una menor utilización de recursos y un menor tiempo de acceso al mercado internacional. La regulación de medicamentos genéricos en Europa y en Estados Unidos repercute por una parte en su cumplimiento y por otra, en la evaluación que de los mismos deben efectuar las respectivas agencias sanitarias. En Europa y Estados Unidos, el medicamento se encuentra rigurosamente intervenido por la Administración. Cada uno de estos marcos regionales cuenta con su propia normativa lo que provoca una dificultad añadida al proceso de globalización del medicamento. A nivel internacional, la ICH se convierte en el punto de encuentro de las agencias reguladoras y de las compañías farmacéuticas con objeto de unificar criterios y crear un marco normativo armonizado. Este trabajo proporciona un estudio metodológico comparado y detallado de los diferentes aspectos de que consta el registro de los medicamentos genéricos en ambas regiones: la regulación de medicamentos genéricos a nivel internacional, de Europa y de Estados Unidos, la definición conceptual de medicamento genérico y medicamento de referencia en el ámbito de su desarrollo galénico, los requisitos legales que debe cumplir el medicamento genérico, las partes que componen el expediente de registro, los requisitos de calidad y de bioequivalencia de los medicamentos genéricos, los organismos oficiales que tiene competencia en materia de evaluación de dichos medicamentos y el procedimiento de registro. Este estudio comparativo detallado de la regulación de los medicamentos genéricos en Europa y en Estados Unidos permite apreciar las diferencias existentes en la actualidad entre ambas regiones y presentar una discusión final, unas conclusiones y unas propuestas orientadas a proponer modificaciones a la regulación actual de Europa y de Estados Unidos con el objetivo de construir un sistema de registro de medicamentos genéricos óptimo, eficiente y armonizado a nivel global para la mejorar la salud de todos los ciudadanos.

Generic medicinal products have an important role in the pharmaceutical market due to the fact that they provide with medicinal product therapeutically equivalents to a reference innovator medicinal product but at more competitive prices. Pharmaceutical industry of generic medicines with an international vision needs an harmonised regulation which allow it the development of a global generic medicines from a scientific and legal point of view, which involves less use of resources and less time to access to the international market. The medicinal products are under rigorous regulation by the authorities of Europe and the United States. Each region has its own regulation and it is a barrier for the global process of harmonization of medicines. At the same time, the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) is a meeting point for the Health authorities and Pharmaceutical Industry to stimulate the creation of this harmonized regulation. This study provides a methodological comparative and detailed study of the different aspects involved in the pharmaceutical registration of a generic medicinal product in Europe and the United Stated: the regulation of the generic medicines internationally, in Europe and in the United States, the scientific definition of generic and reference medicinal products, the legal requirements which must comply a generic medicine, the parts of the registration file to submit and obtain the marketing authorization, the quality and bioequivalence requirements, the official competent authorities responsible for the assessment of generic medicines and the registration procedure. The results obtained in this comparative study shows that there are current differences between the regulation in Europe and the United States and a final discussion, conclusions and proposals are submitted with the objective to built an optimal, efficient and harmonized global pharmaceutical registration system to improve the health of all the citizens.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Política farmacèutica, Industria farmacéutica, 615, Pharmaceutical policy, Medicaments genèrics, Generic drugs, Indústria farmacèutica, Política farmacéutica, Medicamentos genéricos, Ciències de la Salut, Pharmaceutical industry

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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