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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2015
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La situación de los clubes deportivos chilenos. El caso de la región del Biobío

Authors: Matus Castillo, Carlos;

La situación de los clubes deportivos chilenos. El caso de la región del Biobío

Abstract

Esta tesis doctoral se centró en el contexto de las organizaciones deportivas voluntarias, específicamente en la figura del club deportivo, debido a la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de estas organizaciones que desempeñan un rol relevante en el fomento del deporte y la actividad física, actuando también, como dinamizadores de prácticas democráticas, de desarrollo personal y colectivo y como canalizadores de necesidades e intereses. Ante lo anterior, se planteó una pregunta de investigación: ¿En qué situación, y cuáles son las características de los clubes deportivos chilenos?, la cual se profundizó y concretó, a través de diversos objetivos específicos, que buscaban otorgarle respuesta, mediante dimensiones como: la estructura de personas, la oferta de actividades, la gestión económica, las relaciones con otras organizaciones, entre otras. En el ámbito teórico, se diseñó un modelo de cuatro dimensiones, que abordaba a los clubes desde una perspectiva externa a una interna y desde lo general a lo específico, enfocándolos en primer lugar, desde la sociedad y sus organizaciones, hasta llegar a las características propias del club. Para estructurar el modelo, se recurrió a la Teoría del Tercer Sector, la Teoría de la Elección Institucional, la Teoría de los Stakeholders, el marco legal y administrativo de estas organizaciones y las características constitutivas de los clubes deportivos. En cuanto al método utilizado, se desarrolló un estudio de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal, aplicándose una encuesta presencial al Presidente de la organización, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado de once dimensiones, con preguntas cerradas, basado en uno empleado en Cataluña, en un estudio sobre clubes de esa comunidad autónoma (Secretaria General de l’Esport, 2010), el cual fue adecuado al contexto chileno. La muestra fue de tipo probabilística, aleatoria, estratificada, con afijación proporcional y estuvo compuesta por 150 clubes de la Región del Biobío. Estas organizaciones fueron obtenidas del Registro Nacional de Organizaciones Deportivas del Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva, utilizando estadígrafos de medidas de tendencia central, tablas de frecuencia y para visualizar variables puntuales, se utilizaron gráficos. Para generar la tipología de los clubes, se recurrió al análisis estadístico por conglomerados o clusters. Como resultados más relevantes se logró determinar en primer lugar, que los clubes surgían en mayor medida, cuando la sociedad presentaba mejores condiciones para su constitución y desarrollo. En cuanto a las características se determinó: un bajo nivel de profesionalización y poca especialización; que cumplían y concretaban los procesos de participación democrática fundamentales; que existía una baja participación femenina en todos los ámbitos; la mayoría de los clubes tenía una estructura pequeña de personas; que tenían una oferta deportiva principal limitada, pero muy diversa en actividades complementarias o alternativas; el trabajo voluntario estaba presente en la mayoría de los clubes, pero su nivel era bajo en relación al tamaño que tenían, no obstante, los voluntarios asumían muchas funciones, ya que la presencia de profesionales y personal remunerado era poco significativa; poseían presupuestos bajos y con una alta dependencia de recursos públicos, lo que se reflejaba en la alta relación con las instituciones del Estado. Los resultados permiten indicar, que los clubes deportivos chilenos se encuentran en una etapa de asociacionismo incipiente o en desarrollo, adaptándose a las demandas del sistema deportivo, demostrando una gran diversidad en función de las características analizadas, permitiendo afirmar que no existe un tipo “único” de club.

The doctoral thesis was located on the context of voluntary sports organizations specifically based on the figure of the club, under the necessity of going depth into the understanding of these organizations which perform a relevant role of encouraging sports and physical activities into the society. Due to the above, a research question was set: under which circumstances and which are the characteristics of the Chilean sports clubs? analyzed in depth throughout several specific objectives. In the theorical field, a four dimension model was designed, which addressed the clubs from an external and internal point of view and from the general to the specific, focusing from the view of society and its organizations, until reaching their own characteristic as a Club. To put together the model the third sector theory, the institutional choice theory and the stakeholders theory were used, the administrative and legal framework of the organizations and the constitutive characteristics of the clubs. A descriptive research was developed, exploratory and transverse design study applying face-to-face survey to the presidents of each organizations, using an organized questionnaire based on a former one used in Cataluña (Secretaria General de l’Esport, 2010) the sample was probabilistic, at random, stratified, with proportional allocation, done by 150 clubs from Biobío region. These organizations were listed from the national record of sports organizations. For the data analysis descriptive statistics were used. As most relevant results, it was determined in the first place that clubs organizations arise mostly when society had better conditions for their formation. Regarding the characteristics, it was determined that a low level of professionalization and little specialization that completed the process of democratic participation, there were a low feminine involvement, that most of the clubs were small in size; they had a very limited sports offer but diverse in supplementary activities; the voluntary work was there, but it’s level was low; they had trifling budgets with high reliance on public resources; high relationship with government institutions.

Tesi realitzada a l'Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC)

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Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Voluntariado social, Clubes deportivos, Sports clubs, Voluntarism, Ciències de l'Educació, Voluntariat, 79, Clubs esportius

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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