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Producción de saponinas triterpénicas en cultivos in vitro de "Centella asiatica"

Authors: Mangas Alonso, Susana;

Producción de saponinas triterpénicas en cultivos in vitro de "Centella asiatica"

Abstract

Centella asiatica es una planta medicinal usada fundamentalmente para el tratamiento de afecciones de la piel como la cicatrización de heridas, tratamiento de la dermatitis o celulitis, etc. Problemas de índole geopolíticos y alteraciones en su hábitat han provocado un desabastecimiento del mercado de esta planta. Por todo ello, es necesario el desarrollo de procesos alternativos como los sistemas biotecnológicos, para conseguir la producción in vitro de centellósidos. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado inicialmente un sistema de micropropagación vegetal de C. asiatica mediante semillas artificiales, para lograr una fuente de material vegetal in vitro para la obtención de callo y posteriormente de suspensiones celulares. Los resultados han demostrado que no se requiere el desarrollo de estructuras organizadas de los cultivos de C. asiatica, para lograr la síntesis de centellósidos, sus principales compuestos bioactivos. También se ha progresado en el estudio de la biosíntesis de los centellósidos y de los fitoesteroles, ya que ambos tipos de compuestos presentan una parte de la ruta biosintética común. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido demostrar, la acción específica del elicitor jasmonato de metilo en la regulación de ambas vías metabólicas, demostrando que existe una relación dosis-dependiente entre la concentración del elicitor y la producción de centellósidos. Todo ello, puede contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la biosíntesis de triterpenoides en plantas y del papel regulador de los elicitores. Finalmente, y puesto que los cultivos celulares de C. asiatica obtenidos, mantienen operativos los sistemas enzimáticos que catalizan los últimos pasos en la formación de centellósidos, se desarrolló un sistema de biotransformación de los cultivos celulares para bioconvertir el sustrato de alfa-amirina en centellósidos, abriendo una nueva vía para la utilización comercial de este sistema biotecnológico.

Centella asiatica is a herbaceous plant with great medicinal value, which has been used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic, diuretic and in the treatment of skin diseases. However, there is currently a shortage of "C. asiatica" in the international market, due to geopolitical problems and changes in the environment. An alternative source of centellosides, such as an in vitro biotechnology system, is therefore necessary. This thesis reports the development of a micropropagation system of "C. asiatica" using artificial seeds to obtain in vitro calli and subsequently cell suspensions. The results demonstrate that the organized structures of "C. asiatica" are not necessary for the synthesis of centellosides, its main active compounds. Moreover, the elicitation studies showed that exogenously applied methyl jasmonate induced the biosynthesis of saponins, while the free sterol content decreased notably, thus establishing a dose-dependent relationship between elicitor concentration and centelloside content. Since the obtained cell suspension cultures of "C. asiatica" maintain active enzymatic systems, this has permitted the biotransformation of alpha-amyrin to centellosides. This process can become a alternative biotechnological system to produce saponins.

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Spain
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Keywords

Biosíntesi, Hormones vegetals, Plant micropropagation, Elicitació, Glúcids, Cultiu in vitro, Biosynthesis, Saponines triterpèniques, Expressió gènica, Biotecnologia, Ciències de la Salut, <i>Centella asiatica</i>, Glucides, 615, Ranunculàcies, Plant hormones, Gene expression, Micropropagació, Ranunculaceae

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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