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Fitoesterols i salut cardiovascular

Authors: Escurriol Martínez, Verònica;

Fitoesterols i salut cardiovascular

Abstract

La dieta és un important determinant de la salut i la seva rellevància és evident degut al paper preventiu o causal que pot representar en el desenvolupament de determinades malalties. Els fitoesterols són components essencials d'una dieta rica en vegetals com la dieta Mediterrània. La ingesta d'aquests compostos augmenta les seves concentracions en sèrum, reflex del consum d'una dieta habitual saludable. Però les xifres incrementades de fitoesterols en sang també s'han relacionat amb un augment del risc de patir malaltia cardiovascular en alguns estudis, tot i que la bibliografia és contradictòria.Els treballs de recerca de la present tesi estan orientats a ampliar el coneixement de la implicació dels fitoesterols de la dieta i el sèrum sobre el perfil lipídic, els factors de risc cardiovascular i la malaltia cardíaca coronària, així com a investigar els factors socials que influencien el consum d'una dieta rica en fitoesterols.Els 4 treballs presentats són:1. "Serum sterol responses to increasing plant sterol intake from natural foods in the Mediterranean diet" on es va avaluar l'efecte hipocolesterolemiant d'un augment de la ingesta de fitoesterols amb la dieta en un subgrup d'individus de l'estudi de prevenció cardiovascular primària PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED), al cap d'un any d'intervenció dietètica.2. "Phytosterol plasma concentrations and coronary heart disease in the prospective Spanish EPIC cohort " en el qual es va avaluar, en un estudi de caos i controls en la cohort espanyola de l'estudi EPIC, l'associació entre les concentracions de fitoesterols del plasma i la incidència de malaltia cardíaca coronària després de 10 anys de seguiment.3. "Plasma phytosterols are inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components" on es va investigar les associacions entre els esterols nocolesterol plasmàtics i els components de la síndrome metabòlica, inclòs la pròpia síndrome, en una població de pacients dislipèmics i en subjectes sans de la població espanyola de l'estudi EPIC.4. Article 4: "Plant sterol intake and education level in the Spanish EPIC cohort" en el qual es va investigar l'associació entre el nivell assolit d'educació,com a mesura de la posició socioeconòmica, el gènere i la ingesta de nutrients, mitjançant un anàlisi transversal de la cohort espanyola de l'estudi EPIC.La conclusió global d'aquestes treballs va ser que els fitoesterols del sèrum són marcadors d'una dieta saludable com la que es consumia preferentment a Espanya als anys 90 en les classes socials més populars. Aquests components es relacionen amb la reducció del colesterol observada després del consum d'aliments naturals rics en fitoesterols i s'associen inversament a les característiques del síndrome metabòlic. Els resultats dels estudis presentats en aquesta tesi suggereixen una reinterpretació del significat de les concentracions de fitoesterols circulants. En persones que segueixen una dieta mediterrània sense suplements de fitoesterols, els fitoesterols circulants son marcadors de l'abundància de productes vegetals en la dieta i s'associen a un perfil cardiometabòlic saludable i a un menor risc de desenvolupar malaltia cardíaca coronària, en lloc de ser biomarcadors d'un risc cardiovascular augmentat.

PhD project: "Phytosterols and cardiovascular disease"Diet is an important health determinant and phytosterols are essential components of a plant-food based diet as Mediterranean diet. The consumption of these components increase its concentrations in plasma reflecting an habitual healthy diet. On the other hand, increased plasma phytosterol levels have been related with an increase of cardiovascular risk, although bibliography is contradictory. Works presented in this project are focused on the study of diet and plasma phytosterols and its effects on lipid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease, and also social factors that influence the consumption of a diet rich in phytosterols. The 4 works presented in this project are: 1. "Serum sterol responses to increasing plant sterol intake from natural foods in the Mediterranean diet" 2. "Phytosterol plasma concentrations and coronary heart disease in the prospective Spanish EPIC cohort " 3. "Plasma phytosterols are inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components" 4. Article 4: "Plant sterol intake and education level in the Spanish EPIC cohort" The global conclusion of this work is that serum phytosterols are markers of an habitual healthy diet such as the diet that was generally consumed in Spain during 90's between people with lower socioeconomic level. These components are related with the reduction of cholesterol levels after consuming natural food rich in phytosterols and are associated inversely with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

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Spain
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Keywords

61, Hàbits alimentaris, Factors de risc en les malalties, Risk factors in diseases, Malalties cardiovasculars, Food habits, Fitosterols, Phytosterols, Fitoesterols, Dieta mediterrània, Ciències de la Salut, Cardiologia, Cholesterol, Cardiovascular diseases, Colesterol

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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