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Manejo y resultados funcionales de las infecciones protésicas agudas

Authors: Vilchez Cavazos, José Félix;

Manejo y resultados funcionales de las infecciones protésicas agudas

Abstract

[spa] INTRODUCCIÓN: La realización de artroplastias totales de rodilla y cadera ha aumentado durante las últimas décadas como un método eficaz para mejorar el dolor y la movilidad articular en pacientes con artrosis o artritis reumatoide, en los que las medidas conservadoras no habían controlado el dolor ni mejorado la función. La infección es una de las complicaciones más graves y se asocia a una gran morbilidad, largas estancias hospitalarias, importante limitación funcional que disminuye la calidad de vida y un elevado coste económico. La mejora en las condiciones de higiene, la profilaxis antibiótica y los protocolos quirúrgicos han reducido la incidencia de infección, que actualmente se sitúa entorno al 2-4 % en prótesis primarias. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: 1)Se revisaron de forma retrospectiva los datos de las infecciones protésicas agudas causadas por Staphylococcus aureus y tratadas con un desbridamiento quirúrgico sin retirar el implante, durante el periodo comprendido entre Enero de 2000 y Octubre de 2007.2)De Enero del 2004 a Diciembre del 2006, todos los pacientes que se registraron en la base de datos con una infección aguda sobre una prótesis de rodilla, tratados sin retirar el implante y que al año de finalizar el tratamiento se consideraron curados fueron incluidos en el estudio de valoración funcional. RESULTADOS:1) 43 pacientes (69,4%) estaban en remisión, 11 recidivas (17,7%), 7 re-infecciones (11,3%) y 1 aflojamiento aséptico (1,6%). Un paciente murió como consecuencia de la infección (1,6%).El análisis CART identificó la PCR como el factor pronóstico más importante y estableció el punto de corte en un valor de 22,5 mg/dL (probabilidad de fracaso del 82,2% para valores superiores y del 35,3% para valores iguales o inferiores). 2) Los resultados del cuestionario de WOMAC basales (previo a la artroplastia) y a los 12 meses de seguimiento, muestran una mejoria funcional en estos pacientes, la mejoría fue estadísticamente significativa (p≤0,003) en las tres dimensiones del cuestionario WOMAC (dolor, rigidez y función) a los 12 meses de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES:.- Las infecciones agudas postquirúrgicas sobre una prótesis de rodilla o cadera, debidas a S. aureus, tratadas con una limpieza quirúrgica con conservación del implante seguido de 7-10 días de tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso y un esquema de tratamiento oral basado en el uso de rifampicina a razón de 600 mg/24h, se asociaron a una tasa de curación superior al 70%. Los pacientes con una infección protésica aguda tratados con limpieza quirúrgica y retención del implante, a los 12 meses de seguimiento mejoran de forma significativa su capacidad funcional (WOMAC) con respecto a su situación antes de colocarse la prótesis articular.

[eng] INTRODUCTION: The performance of total knee arthroplasty and hip has increased in recent decades as an effective method for improving pain and joint mobility in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Infection is one of the most serious complications and is associated with significant morbidity. The improvement in hygiene, antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical protocols have reduced the incidence of infection, which currently stands at around 2-4% in primary prosthesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1) retrospectively reviewed data from acute prosthetic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and treated with surgical debridement without removal of the implant, during the period between January 2000 and October 2007. 2) From January 2004 to December 2006, all patients were recorded in the database with an acute infection of a knee prosthesis, treated without removal of the implant and complete a year of treatment were considered cured were included in the study of functional evaluation. RESULTS: 1) 43 patients (69.4%) were in remission, 11 recurrences (17.7%), 7 re-infections (11.3%) and 1 aseptic loosening (1.6%). One patient died of infection (1.6%). The CART analysis identified CRP as the most important prognostic factor and set the cutoff at a value of 22.5 mg / dL (probability of failure of 82, 2% for values above and 35.3% for values up). 2) The results of the WOMAC questionnaire at baseline (pre-arthroplasty) and at 12 months follow-up showed a functional improvement in these patients, the improvement was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.003) in the three dimensions of the WOMAC questionnaire (pain, stiffness and function) at 12 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Acute infections postsurgical on a knee or hip, due to S. aureus, treated with a surgical scrub with preservation of the implant followed by 7-10 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy and oral treatment scheme based on the use of rifampicin at 600 mg/24 h, were associated with a cure rate exceeding 70%.Patients with acute prosthetic infection treated with surgical cleaning and retention of the implant at 12 months follow-up significantly improve their functional capacity (WOMAC) with respect to your situation before putting the joint prosthesis.

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Spain
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Keywords

Genolls artificials, Artroplàsties, Infeccions per estafilococs, Hip prosthesis, Infeccions protèsiques, Pròtesis de maluc, Ciències de la Salut, Arthroplasty, Artificial shoulder joints, 617, Pròtesis, Staphylococcal infections, Artroplàstia

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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