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Desarrollo y comparación de modelos ARIMA-GARCH y SARIMA-GARCH para la estimación del tipo de cambio USD/COP y propuesta de coberturas cambiarias con derivados forward para empresa importadora de autopartes en Colombia

Authors: Caballero Rosas, Daniel;

Desarrollo y comparación de modelos ARIMA-GARCH y SARIMA-GARCH para la estimación del tipo de cambio USD/COP y propuesta de coberturas cambiarias con derivados forward para empresa importadora de autopartes en Colombia

Abstract

Esta investigación analizó la estimación del tipo de cambio USD/COP mediante el desarrollo y la comparación de los modelos ARIMA-GARCH y SARIMA-GARCH, con el fin de diseñar estrategias de cobertura cambiaria. Se emplearon datos de la Tasa Representativa del Mercado (2019-2024) y técnicas de optimización en Python. Los resultados indicaron que SARIMA-GARCH ofreció mayor precisión predictiva al capturar fluctuaciones estacionales y reducir errores frente a ARIMA-GARCH. Con base en estos pronósticos, se propusieron estrategias de cobertura con forwards para mitigar el riesgo cambiario. No obstante, la incertidumbre del mercado y eventos inesperados pueden afectar la precisión de los modelos, por lo que se recomendó su recalibración cada 60-90 días. La combinación de series de tiempo con heterocedasticidad condicional resultó clave en mercados volátiles, aunque su alta demanda computacional puede ser una limitación. Este estudio aporta herramientas aplicables a la gestión del riesgo cambiario, optimizando la toma de decisiones financieras en empresas importadoras.

This research analyzed the estimation of the USD/COP exchange rate through the development and comparison of ARIMA-GARCH and SARIMA-GARCH models to design hedging strategies. Historical data from the Representative Market Rate (2019-2024) and optimization techniques in Python were used. Results indicated that SARIMA-GARCH provided higher predictive accuracy by capturing seasonal fluctuations and reducing errors compared to ARIMA-GARCH. Based on these forecasts, forward contract hedging strategies were proposed to mitigate exchange rate risk. However, market uncertainty and unexpected events may affect model accuracy, making recalibration every 60-90 days advisable. The combination of time series models with conditional heteroskedasticity proved essential in volatile markets, although its high computational demand can be a limitation. This study provides applicable tools for exchange rate risk management, optimizing financial decision making for importing companies.

Magíster en Administración Financiera

Maestría

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Deries de tiempo, Contratos forward, ADMINISTRACIÓN FINANCIERA, FINANZAS, GARCH, Time series, AUTOMÓVILES - EQUIPO Y ACCESORIOS, ARIMA, Exchange rate hedging, Forwards contracts, RIESGO (FINANZAS), SARIMA, Tipo de cambio USD/COP, Cobertura cambiaria, OPERACIONES COMPENSATORIAS (FINANZAS)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green