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Análisis jurisprudencial y normativo del derecho a morir dignamente en Colombia a través de la eutanasia, en contraste con el delito de homicidio por piedad, tipificado en el artículo 106 del Código Penal Colombiano

Authors: Almánzar Agudelo, Angélica María;

Análisis jurisprudencial y normativo del derecho a morir dignamente en Colombia a través de la eutanasia, en contraste con el delito de homicidio por piedad, tipificado en el artículo 106 del Código Penal Colombiano

Abstract

En el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano existe un vacío normativo frente a la regularización del derecho a la muerte digna por medio de la eutanasia, y, en consecuencia, frente a cuando se incurre en el delito de homicidio por piedad. Ello en cuanto se tiene que, cuando no se cumplen con los presupuestos legales exigidos dentro del procedimiento de la eutanasia, surge la duda de si ello da lugar a la comisión del delito de homicidio por piedad o no. Durante el paso del tiempo, han surgido diversas discusiones frente a este cuestionamiento, pues a pesar de que el tema ha sido tratado por más de 20 años por las altas Cortes, en repetidas ocasiones se ha exhortado al Congreso de la República para que regule el tema, sin que a la fecha lo haya hecho. El pasado 1 de julio de 2021, el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, establece en Resolución número 971 el procedimiento de recepción, trámite y reporte de las solicitudes de eutanasia, al igual que las directrices para hacer efectivo el derecho a morir con dignidad por medio de la eutanasia. Lo anterior así fue establecido, teniendo en cuenta lo planteado por la Corte Constitucional en la jurisprudencia, en donde en repetidas ocasiones ha fijado ciertos criterios o parámetros para garantizar dicho derecho. Días después de haberse publicado la Resolución, la Corte Constitucional con base en Sentencia C- 233 de 2021, emite el comunicado 27 del 22 julio de 2021 que amplía la eutanasia para pacientes no terminales. Con esto, se entiende que la interpretación de la eutanasia, y en consecuencia, del tipo penal de homicidio por piedad, cambia. Es por lo anterior, que el presente trabajo se enfocará en intentar responder cuestionamientos como: ¿Cuáles son los requisitos para poder aplicar la eutanasia en Colombia? ¿Cuándo se incurre en el delito de homicidio por piedad establecido en el artículo 106 del Código Penal colombiano? Con base al más reciente pronunciamiento de la Corte, ¿existirá seguridad jurídica en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, en cuanto a un tema que aún carece de regulación alguna por parte del Congreso?, entre otras.

Currently, in the Colombian legal system there is a normative vacuum void in relation to the regularization of the right to a dignified death by means of euthanasia, and, consequently, when the crime of mercy killing is committed. This is given by, when the legal requirements of euthanasia are not met, the question arises as to whether this leads to the commission of the crime of mercy killing or not. Over time, there have been various discussions in response to this questioning, because despite the fact this subject has been dealt with for more than 20 years by the Courts, the Congress has been repeatedly exhorted to regulate the subject, without having done it to this day. On July 1, 2021, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection established in the Resolution number 971 the procedure for receiving, processing, and reporting euthanasia requests, as well as the guidelines to make effective the right of dying with dignity by means the euthanasia. The foregoing was thus established, taking into account what was raised by Constitutional Court in the jurisprudence, where it has repeatedly established certain criteria or parameters to guarantee said right. Days after the Resolution was published, the Constitutional Court, based on Sentence C 233 of 2021, issued statement 27 of July 22, 2021, that extends euthanasia for non-terminal patients. With this, it is understood that the interpretation of euthanasia, and consequently, of the criminal type of mercy killing changes. Because of the above, this paper will focus on trying to answer questions such as: What are the requirements for applying euthanasia in Colombia? When is the crime of mercy killing, established in the article 106 of the Colombian Penal Code, committed? Based on the most recent ruling of the Court, will there be legal security in the Colombian legal system, regarding an issue that still lacks any regulation by the Congress? among others.

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Colombia
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Keywords

Enfermedad terminal, Muerte digna, Euthanasia, Pietistic, PROCESOS POR EUTANASIA, Derechos fundamentales, Homicidio por piedad, Terminal illness, Incurable disease, Enfermedad incurable, SUICIDIO ASISTIDO, Die, Homicidio pietístico, DERECHO A MORIR, Consentimiento, DERECHOS HUMANOS, EUTANASIA, Homicide, Dignity, Mercy, Informed free and consent, Consentimiento libre e informado

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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