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Evaluación del proceso de extracción alcalina de bixina de semillas de achiote (Bixa orellana)

Authors: Isaza Jiménez, Isabel; Jaramillo Valencia, Tatiana;

Evaluación del proceso de extracción alcalina de bixina de semillas de achiote (Bixa orellana)

Abstract

La bixina es un compuesto coloreado natural encontrado en las semillas del achiote (Bixa orellana), la cual corresponde al carotenoide presente en mayor proporción, y es de gran interés para la industria química, cosmética, alimenticia y farmacéutica [1],[2]. En este trabajo, se evaluó la extracción de bixina de semillas de achiote empleando tres bases diluidas: hidróxido de sodio (NaOH), hidróxido de potasio (KOH) y trietanolamina (TEA). Se determinó que los rendimientos medios al variar el álcali de la extracción fueron de: 4.27 ± 0.12% (NaOH), 5.26 ± 0.31% (KOH) y 1.81 ± 0.16% (TEA), además se identificó el grado de pureza para cada base obteniendo valores de 1.95 ± 0.55 ppm, 2.05 ± 0.50 ppm y 1.74 ± 0.24 ppm, respectivamente. Posteriormente, se estudió la extracción variando el estado de la semilla, con el fin de determinar el rendimiento y la pureza de la bixina obtenida. Para ello se empleó como álcali el KOH según resultados previos. Esto permitió establecer que los procesos de extracción a partir de semilla molida permiten mayores rendimientos que los alcanzados con semilla entera, obteniendo valores de rendimiento medio de 35.36 ± 0.44% y 4.30 ± 0.12%, correspondientemente. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el efecto del estado inicial de la semilla en el valor de pureza del metabolito extraído, registrando concentraciones de 0.80 ± 0.11 ppm (semilla molida) y 0.99 ± 0.12 ppm (semilla entera). Esta variación presentada no fue estadísticamente significativa, por lo que se consideró la semilla molida como el estado ideal para los procesos de extracción de bixina. Se determinaron las características fisicoquímicas del metabolito, obteniendo un punto de fusión de 220°C, un porcentaje de biomasa de 79.40% y una humedad de 10.60%; desarrollando la investigación mediante las técnicas instrumentales de espectrometría UV-Visible, espectroscopía infrarroja (FT-IR) y cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (HPLC).

Bixin is a natural colored compound found in the seeds of annatto (Bixa orellana) which corresponds to the carotenoid present in bigger proportion and is of great interest for the chemical, cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industry [1],[2]. In this work the extraction of bixin from the seed of annatto was evaluated using three diluted bases: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and triethalonamine (TEA). It was determined that when the alkali of the extraction was varied the average yields were: 4.27 ± 0.12% (NaOH), 5.26 ± 0.31% (KOH) y 1.81 ± 0.16% (TEA). In addition, the purity degree was identified for each base, obtaining values of 1.95 ± 0.55 ppm, 2.05 ± 0.50 ppm y 1.74 ± 0.24 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, the extraction varying the state of the seed was studied, in order to determine the yield and purity of the obtained bixin. For this, KOH was used as the alkali according to previous results. This allowed to establish that the extraction processes starting with milled seed, allow larger yields that the ones achieved with whole seed. Obtaining average yield values of 35.36 ± 0.44% y 4.30 ± 0.12%, correspondingly. Additionally, the effect of the initial state of the seed on the purity value of the extracted metabolite was evaluated, registering concentrations of 0.80 ± 0.11 ppm (milled seed) y 0.99 ± 0.12 ppm (whole seed). This variation presented was not statistically significant, so the whole seed was considered as the ideal state for bixin extraction processes. The physicochemical characteristics of the metabolite were determined, obtaining a melting point of 220°C, a biomass percentage of 79.40% and a humidity percentage of 10.60%; developing research using instrumental technics of UV-Visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Ingeniero(a) de Procesos

Trabajo

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hidróxido de potasio (KOH), SEMILLAS - PRUEBAS, Bixina, INDUSTRIA DE SEMILLAS, Coloreantes naturales, Semillas del achiote, INGENIERÍA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN, Hidróxido de sodio (NaOH), Trietanolamina (TEA), ACEITES VEGETALES, INDUSTRIA DE PRODUCTOS VEGETALES

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green