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Impostos Ambientais e o Duplo Dividendo: experiências europeias

Authors: Margarita Robaina Alves; Catarina Roseta Palma;

Impostos Ambientais e o Duplo Dividendo: experiências europeias

Abstract

Actualmente discute-se em muitos países europeus a diminuição dos impostos distorcivos sobre actividades que devem ser encorajadas – como o trabalho, a poupança e o investimento – e em contrapartida o aumento dos impostos correctivos sobre actividades que devem ser desencorajadas – como a sobre-exploração de recursos, a poluição e o congestionamento. Por exemplo, a União Europeia sugere que se financie uma redução das contribuições para a segurança social com as receitas de um imposto sobre a energia. Uma acção deste tipo dá origem a um “duplo dividendo”, uma vez que promove a melhoria das condições ambientais e ao mesmo tempo gera novos postos de trabalho, reduzindo o desemprego. Pretende-se com este trabalho fazer um resumo da experiência europeia ao nível dos impostos ambientais e do “duplo dividendo”, bem como uma resenha da literatura teórica e das simulações de reformas fiscais ecológicas (RFE’s) realizadas para países europeus. Uma vez que em Portugal os instrumentos económicos de política ambiental estão praticamente no início e a taxa de desemprego começa a ser preocupante, faz-se também uma caracterização do país nesta matéria, com vista a ser analisada a implementação de uma RFE em Portugal.

There is currently a debate in many European countries on the reduction of inefficient taxes on activities that should be encouraged - like work, savings and investment – which would be compensated by the increase of corrective taxes on activities that should be discouraged – such resource overexploitation, pollution and congestion. For example, the European Union suggests a reduction of social security contributions, to be financed with an energy tax. This kind of actions cause a “double dividend”, since they promote environmental improvement and at the same time raise the number of employees, reducing unemployment. The purpose of this paper is to make a summary of the european experience with environmental taxes and double dividend, as well as a summary of theoretical literature and simulations of ecological fiscal reforms (RFEs) carried out in european countries. Since in Portugal economic environmental policy instruments are practically in the beginning and unemployment rate starts to be preoccupying, a characterization of the country on this matter is also presented, with a view towards a future analysis of the implementation of a RFE in Portugal.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

duplo-dividendo, impostos sobre o trabalho, impostos ambientais, poluição, desemprego, reforma ambiental, duplo-dividendo, desemprego, poluição, impostos ambientais, impostos sobre o trabalho, reforma ambiental

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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