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Subprodutos da desinfecção da água para consumo humano

Authors: Lopes, Adelaide João Pinto Catela da Silva;

Subprodutos da desinfecção da água para consumo humano

Abstract

O cloro é o oxidante mais utilizado na desinfecção da água para consumo humano. A formação de subprodutos é um problema associado a este processo, nomeadamente a produção de tri-halometanos. Estes, que incluem compostos tóxicos, resultam principalmente das reacções entre o cloro e os compostos que constituem a matéria orgânica natural da água. Um melhor conhecimento da relação existente entre as características da água, a cinética do decaimento do cloro e a formação de tri-halometanos pode ajudar as entidades que produzem e fornecem água a minimizar as concentrações de subprodutos, dando origem a água para consumo humano de melhor qualidade. Neste trabalho foi estudada a cinética do decaimento do cloro em seis amostras de água (bruta, ozonizada e filtrada) provenientes de duas estações de tratamento de água para consumo humano – Alcantarilha e Tavira – sob condições estáticas e sob agitação. Os resultados obtidos para águas das duas estações de tratamento foram diferentes quanto à cinética de consumo de cloro e à produção e especiação de tri-halometanos, assim evidenciando a existência de diferenças entre as características da matéria orgânica natural das águas. Foi ainda demonstrado que, para além de acelerar a velocidade de consumo de cloro, a existência de um regime de mistura no seio da água influencia a quantidade e a especiação dos tri-halometanos formados.

Chlorine is the oxidant most widely used in the disinfection of drinking water. An associated problem to this technique is the formation of by-products, including trihalomethanes (THM). These include toxic compounds, which result from reactions between chlorine and natural organic matter. A better understanding of the relationship between the water characteristics, the chlorine decay kinetics and THM formation can help the utilities to minimize the DBP concentrations, providing drinking water with better quality. In this work chlorine consumption kinetics and THM formation were studied in raw and treated (ozonated and filtrated) waters with comparable levels of dissolved organic carbon form two water treatment plants in the Algarve: Alcantarilha and Tavira. Experiments were carried out under static and dynamic conditions. Results differed in the amount and species of formed THM within the types of water and between the waters from the two treatment plants, thus demonstrating differences in their natural organic matter characteristics. In addition, an influence of mixing on chlorine decay rates and in trihalomethane formation and speciation was found for all studied waters.

Mestrado em Métodos Instrumentais e Controlo de Qualidade de Analítica

LNEC - Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil

LABES - Laboratório de Engenharia Sanitária

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Água de consumo, Qualidade da água, Tratamento da água, Água potável, Cloragem

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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