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Fermentação contínua de mosto com leveduras imobilizadas em alginato

Authors: Nogueira, Ana Rita da Silva;

Fermentação contínua de mosto com leveduras imobilizadas em alginato

Abstract

Este estudo, realizado na Proenol entre Novembro/08 e Abril/09, consistiu no desenvolvimento e avaliação do comportamento de um reactor biológico de leito fluidizado com reciclo para a fermentação alcoólica de mosto, com levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae imobilizada em alginato (ProRestart®), com vista à sua implementação a nível industrial. Numa primeira fase realizaram-se ensaios laboratoriais de fermentação em descontínuo para avaliar a influência da carga de leveduras imobilizadas, reutilização das leveduras imobilizadas, agitação do meio e temperatura. Verificou-se que a velocidade de consumo de açúcares aumenta com a carga de leveduras sendo praticamente independente da reutilização das leveduras e da agitação do meio. Foi realizado um estudo de difusão de açúcares com leveduras termicamente inactivadas para explicar a diminuição abrupta da concentração de açúcares nos instantes iniciais da fermentação, sendo proposto um modelo de pseudo 2ª ordem. Este modelo conjuntamente com a equação cinética de Michaelis-Menten, mostrou-se adequado para modelar a velocidade de consumo de açúcares durante a fermentação de mosto com a levedura S. cerevisiae imobilizada em alginato. A energia de activação aparente obtida foi de 17,8 ± 0,4 kcal/mol. Numa segunda fase testou-se um reactor de leito fluidizado com reciclo (R=950) para a fermentação contínua de mosto utilizando as leveduras imobilizadas ProRestart®. Verificou-se que tanto o teor de etanol formado como a velocidade de consumo de açúcares são superiores no processo contínuo (cerca de 3 vezes para a velocidade de consumo de açúcar) comparativamente aos resultados obtidos no processo descontínuo em condições idênticas. Conclui-se este estudo com um pré-estudo de viabilidade económica do processo contínuo, com base no custo da levedura imobilizada, tendo-se constatado que, nas condições estudadas, o processo não é economicamente viável. A implementação industrial deste tipo de reactor requer optimização.

This work was carried out in Proenol between November/08 and April/09, aiming the development of a biological reactor for the continuous alcoholic fermentation of grape must by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts immobilized on alginate beads (ProRestart®). Initially, batch fermentations were preformed at laboratorial scale in cottonplugged flasks to evaluate the influence of immobilized yeast charge, yeast reutilization, agitation and temperature. The rate of consumption of sugars increases with the yeast charge and is practically independent of yeast reutilization and agitation. The initial abrupt decrease of sugar concentration was attributed to adsorption and not to fermentation. This was confirmed with a diffusion study using alginate beads with thermally inactivated immobilized yeasts. A pseudo 2nd order model was proposed to explain the results and used in conjunction with the Michaelis-Menten equation to model grape must fermentation with S. cerevisiae alginate beads. The influence of temperature on the rate of fermentation was explained by an Arrhenius type equation with an apparent activation energy of 17,8 ± 0,4 kcal/mol. In a second stage grape must fermentation was performed in the presence of ProRestart® yeasts in a continuous fluidized bed reactor with recycle (R=950). In this reactor both ethanol production rate and sugar consumption rate were higher in comparison with the results obtained in the batch fermentations under similar conditions (sugar consumption rate was aprox. 3 times higher). Finally, the economic viability of the continuous process was evaluated. As a conclusion, under the studied conditions the process is economically unviable and therefore prior to industrial scale installation the operating conditions should be optimized.

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Engenharia química, Fermentação, Leito fluidizado, Indústria vinícola, Reactores biológicos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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