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Exposição aos carbamatos na fertilidade masculina: mecanismos celulares e moleculares subjacentes

Authors: Moreira, Sílvia Cristina Fernandes;

Exposição aos carbamatos na fertilidade masculina: mecanismos celulares e moleculares subjacentes

Abstract

A infertilidade masculina é um problema de saúde, cuja incidência tem vindo a aumentar nas últimas décadas, quer em países desenvolvidos, quer em países em desenvolvimento. Esta condição complexa tem múltiplas causas, sendo a exposição a pesticidas uma das mais preocupantes. Embora fortemente associados à prática agrícola, os pesticidas estão presentes no nosso dia-a-dia através da alimentação, contaminando-a pela sua capacidade de se acumular na cadeia alimentar. Uma vez no organismo, estes xenobióticos e seus metabolitos promovem a disrupção de vias moleculares, causando danos em células e tecidos, incluindo os do sistema reprodutor masculino. Este sistema, constituído por diversos tipos de células com funções cruciais para a espermatogénese, como as células de Sertoli e de Leydig, é particularmente vulnerável a estes danos, o que pode comprometer a fertilidade masculina. O aminocarb, um inseticida da classe dos carbamatos amplamente utilizado, apresenta elevada toxicidade para mamíferos. Contudo, os seus efeitos específicos na fertilidade masculina permanecem pouco esclarecidos. Esta tese investigou os mecanismos celulares e moleculares pelos quais o aminocarb afeta a fertilidade masculina, utilizando linhas celulares de células de Sertoli (TM4) e de Leydig (BLTK1) expostas a diferentes concentrações do pesticida. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidade do aminocarb, bem como o seu impacto na função mitocondrial, em vias de morte celular (apoptose) e stress oxidativo, e em vias metabólicas chave. Os resultados revelaram que o aminocarb induz morte celular nas células de Sertoli, enquanto nas células de Leydig exerce um efeito bifásico, com respostas distintas a diferentes concentrações. Nas células de Sertoli, o aminocarb causou alterações no potencial da membrana mitocondrial, sem afetar a biogénese mitocondrial ou ativar a via apoptótica mitocondrial. Contudo, o aminocarb induziu stress no retículo endoplasmático e ativou a caspase-3, culminando na morte celular por apoptose. Nas células de Leydig, o aminocarb alterou a expressão de componentes da cadeia transportadora de eletrões mitocondrial (complexos I e III), sem comprometer o potencial de membrana ou o metabolismo mitocondrial global. Adicionalmente, o aminocarb estimulou a produção da hormona androstenediona e modificou o perfil de ácidos gordos nestas células. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstra que o aminocarb, embora mais tóxico para as células de Sertoli, afeta ambos os tipos celulares, comprometendo funções essenciais para a espermatogénese e reforçando o seu potencial impacto negativo na fertilidade masculina. Estes resultados alertam para a necessidade de reavaliar a utilização deste pesticida e implementar medidas de proteção da saúde reprodutiva.

Male infertility is a growing global health problem, affecting men in both developed and developing countries. This complex condition has multiple causes, with pesticide exposure being a significant concern. Although often associated with agricultural practices, pesticides contaminate our food supply through their ability to accumulate in the food chain, posing a constant threat to health. Once inside the body, these xenobiotics and their metabolites disrupt essential molecular pathways, causing damage to cells and tissues, including those of the male reproductive system. This system, composed of various cell types with crucial roles in spermatogenesis, such as Sertoli and Leydig cells, is particularly vulnerable to such damage, potentially compromising male fertility. Aminocarb, a widely used carbamate insecticide, exhibits high toxicity to mammals. However, its specific effects on male fertility remain poorly understood. This thesis investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which aminocarb affects male fertility, using cell lines of Sertoli (TM4) and Leydig (BLTK1) cells exposed to different concentrations of the pesticide. We assessed aminocarb cytotoxicity and its impact on mitochondrial function, cell death pathways (apoptosis), oxidative stress, and key metabolic pathways. The results revealed that aminocarb induces cell death in Sertoli cells, while in Leydig cells, it exerts a biphasic effect, with distinct responses at different concentrations. In Sertoli cells, aminocarb caused alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential without affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, aminocarb induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated caspase-3, culminating in death cell by apoptosis. In Leydig cells, aminocarb altered the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain components (complexes I and III) without compromising membrane potential or overall mitochondrial metabolism. Additionally, aminocarb stimulated the production of the hormone androstenedione and modified the fatty acid profile in these cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that aminocarb, although more toxic to Sertoli cells, affects both cell types, compromising essential functions for spermatogenesis and reinforcing its potential negative impact on male fertility. These findings highlight the need to re-evaluate the use of this pesticide and implement measures to protect reproductive health.

Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Leysdig cells, Aminocarb, Oxidative stress, Male fertility, Sertoli cells, Lipidomics, Carbamate pesticides, Mitochondria

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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