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Biodegradação anaeróbia do ácido oleico

Authors: Salvador, Andreia Filipa Ferreira;

Biodegradação anaeróbia do ácido oleico

Abstract

Oleic Acid (C18:1) is an unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA), described as especially problematic in anaerobic digestion processes due to its microbial inhibitory effect as well as because it adsorbs onto microbial aggregates causing flotation and washout in high-rate anaerobic reactors. In this thesis, after a general introduction referring the context and motivation and presenting the state of the art, three experiments are described about anaerobic biodegradation of oleic acid. In chapter 2, a sludge heavily loaded with 5985 mg COD.g VS-1 was studied in terms of its capacity to biodegrade oleic acid in batch assays, in concentrations ranging from 100 to 1500 mg/l. Lag phases before the onset of methane production increased with the oleic acid concentration, up to 17 days for 1500 mg/l and methane recovery did not exceed 50% for the highest concentrations tested (1000 and 1500 mg/l). After the mineralization of the biomass-associated substrate, and for the same concentration range, maximum lag phases of three days and methane recoveries up to 80% were obtained, evidencing an improving capacity of the sludge to biodegrade oleic acid. Also the specific methanogenic activity with acetate and H2/CO2 as individual substrates increased 2.6 and 2 times respectively, after the mineralization of the biomass associated substrate, confirming the reversibility of the inhibitory effect of LCFA. In chapter 3, the intermediates of oleic acid degradation were also studied in batch assays. Two different sludges were sampled from the same digester but afterwards one was acclimated to LCFA by contact in a lab-scale reactor during around 50 days and the other one was not acclimated. LCFA intermediates were analyzed in the liquid and in the solid phases along a 30 days experiment. In general, for both sludges, oleic acid adsorbed to the solid phase in the first 50 minutes and was converted to methane afterwards. In the non-acclimated sludge the degradation rate was approximately linear and there was not an appreciable accumulation of acetate during the course of the experiment. In the acclimated sludge, after an initial period of 10 days a sharp decrease on oleic acid quantity in the solid phase was observed followed by a significant, but transient accumulation of acetate that was afterwards converted to methane. Although both sludges exhibited a lag phase before the onset of methane production, the acclimated one was able to mineralize 830 mg/l of oleic acid in 5 days whereas the non-acclimated one took around 12 days. The study of the anaerobic microbial community dynamics during discontinuous operation of a lab-scale reactor treating a synthetic dairy wastewater was also investigated by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method. The composition of the bacterial community, based on the analysis of the DGGE patterns, was more affected than the archaeal population.

O ácido oleico (C18:1) é um Ácido Gordo de Cadeia Longa (AGCL), considerado especialmente problemático em processos de digestão anaeróbia uma vez que exerce um efeito inibitório sobre os microrganismos e adsorve aos agregados microbianos causando a sua flutuação e consequente “washout” em reactores anaeróbios de alta carga. Nesta tese, após uma introdução geral onde é apresentado o estado da arte, descrevem-se três estudos sobre biodegradação anaeróbia de ácido oleico. No capítulo 2, foi estudada uma biomassa altamente carregada (5985 mg CQO.g SV-1). Avaliouse a sua capacidade de degradar oleato, em “batch”, em concentrações entre 100 e 1500 mg/l. As fases “lag” que precederam o início da produção de metano aumentaram com o aumento da concentração, até um periodo de 17 dias verificado para a concentração mais elevada. A recuperação da CQOmetano não excedeu os 50% nas concentrações mais elevadas de 1000 e 1500 mg/l. Após a mineralização do substrato associado à biomassa, e para as mesmas concentrações, obtiveram-se fases “lag” máximas de 3 dias e recuperações da CQO-metano na ordem dos 80%, evidenciando o aumento da capacidade da biomassa em degradar oleato. A actividade metanogénica específica em acetato e em H2/CO2 como substratos individuais aumentou 2,6 e 2 vezes respectivamente, após a mineralização dos substrato associado à biomassa, confirmando a reversibilidade do efeito inibitório dos AGCL. No capítulo 3 efectuou-se o estudo dos intermediários da degradação do ácido oleico em ensaios “batch”. As duas biomassas utilizadas foram recolhidas do mesmo digestor mas uma delas foi aclimatizada aos AGCL por contacto num reactor à escala laboratorial durante 50 dias,enquanto que a outra biomassa não contactou previamente com AGCL. Os intermediários da degradação foram analisados nas fases líquida e sólida durante 30 dias. De um modo geral, e para as duas biomassas, verificou-se adsorção do ácido oleico à fase sólida durante os primeiros 50 minutos, sendo depois convertido a metano. No caso da biomassa não aclimatizada, a taxa de degradação foi aproximadamente linear não se verificando acumulação apreciável de acetato durante o ensaio. No caso da biomassa aclimatizada, após um periodo de 10 dias foi observado um decréscimo acentuado da quantidade do oleato seguido de uma acumulação transiente de acetato que foi posteriormente convertido a metano. Foram verificadas fases “lag” antes de se iniciar a produção de metano nos ensaios com as biomassas aclimatizada e não aclimatizada, mas após o início da produção de metano, o tempo necessário para mineralizar 830 mg/l de oleato foi de 5 e 12 dias, respectivamente. No capítulo 4, as alterações da comunidade microbiana desenvolvida num reactor durante o tratamento de um efluente contendo oleato, através da análise do gene 16S rRNA pelas técnicas de PCR-DGGE, revelou que a composição da comunidade bacteriana foi mais afectada do que a comunidade de arquaea.

Mestrado em Métodos Biomoleculares Avançados

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Métodos biomoleculares, Biodegradação, Ácidos gordos, Ácido oleico, Digestão anaeróbica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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