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Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias resistentes a surfactantes

Authors: Louvado, António Miguel de Oliveira;

Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias resistentes a surfactantes

Abstract

As estratégias de biorremediação de hidrocarbonetos envolvem frequentemente a aplicação de surfactantes de modo a aumentar biodisponibilidade de compostos pouco solúveis em água. Todavia, os surfactantes sintéticos são tóxicos para muitas bactérias degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos, reduzindo a taxa de mineralização do poluente. Uma estratégia interessante seria o recurso a bactérias com ambas as capacidades: degradar poluentes hidrofóbicos e resistir aos surfactantes. A microcamada superficial marinha (sea surface microlayer - SML) constitui a interface entre a hidrosfera e a atmosfera, sendo geralmente definida como o milímetro superior da coluna de água. Este compartimento natural é simultaneamente rico em poluentes hidrofóbicos e surfactantes. Neste trabalho pesquisou-se a SML quanto à presença de bactérias resistentes a surfactantes através de culturas de enriquecimento com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS – soduim dodecyl sulfate) e brometo de cetil trimetilamónio (CTAB – cetyl trimethylammonium bromide). Sobre um subconjunto dos isolados obtidos, realizou-se PCR (polymerase chain reaction) para detecção do gene gacA - um marcador específico de Pseudomonas – e do gene ndo – codificante para a naftaleno dioxigenase, uma enzima envolvida na degradação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -). Os isolados foram ainda testados quanto à produção de biossurfactantes. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma elevada abundância de bactérias resistentes a surfactantes na SML. O PCR do gene gacA revelou a predominância de Pseudomonas no subconjunto de isolados (44%). Contudo, não foi obtida amplificação para o gene ndo. A produção de biossurfactantes foi detectada por cultura em meio sólido em 5 isolados, todos pertencentes ao género Pseudomonas. A sequenciação do gene 16S do RNA ribossomal evidencia similaridade filogenética entre os isolados identificados e estirpes produtoras de biossurfactantes e degradadoras de poluentes hidrofóbicos isoladas em diferentes ambientes naturais.

Bioremediation efforts sometimes rely on surfactants to enhance hydrocarbon bioavailability. However, most synthetic surfactants employed can be sometimes toxic to degrading microorganisms, reducing the clearance rate of the pollutant. An interesting strategy is to employ bacteria with both the desired attributes: biodegradative capability and tolerance to surfactants. The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the uppermost layer of the water column and represents an interface between the hydrosphere and atmosphere. It is simultaneously rich in hydrophobic pollutants and surfactants. In this study we screened a natural surfactant-rich compartment, the sea surface microlayer, for surfactant-resistant bacteria, using enrichment cultures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). A random set of isolates obtained from enrichment cultures were tested by PCR for the Pseudomonas genus marker gacA gene and for the ndo gene, encoding for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degrading enzyme naphthalene dioxygenase. Also, isolates were screened for biosurfactant production in solid medium. Results show a high relative abundance of surfactant resistant bacteria in the SML. gacA targeted PCR revealed that 44% of the surfactantresistant isolates are Pseudomonads. However, PCR of ndo gene involved in PAH-degrading pathways was not successful with current primers. Biosurfactant production in solid medium was detected in 5 isolates, all belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed high phylogenetic similarity between the isolates obtained in this study and hydrocarbon-degrading and biosurfactant-producing bacteria from other natural environments.

Mestrado em Biologia Marinha

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hidrocarbonetos, Poluição marinha, Biologia marinha, Bactérias - Isolamento, Ecossistemas aquáticos, Biotecnologia ambiental

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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