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Aplicação de sensores em processos de medida de misturas gasosas

Authors: Pinto, Ricardo Madeira;

Aplicação de sensores em processos de medida de misturas gasosas

Abstract

A preocupação com o rigor das medições químicas envolvendo os princípios e as metodologias da ciência metrológica é relativamente recente, sendo que ainda se encontra em desenvolvimento. A realização do presente trabalho teve por objecto o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um sistema de preparação e medição de misturas gasosas, assente numa infra-estrutura experimental já existente no laboratório, incluindo de programação (software) necessário para a respectiva operação. Operando quer com gases quer com vapores preparados a partir de líquidos puros ou soluções, o sistema de preparação de misturas gasosas desenvolvido neste trabalho dispõe de um conjunto de sensores, nomeadamente de temperatura, pressão e caudal mássico de gases, que são essenciais à determinação da composição da mistura. No âmbito dos estudos realizados foram preparados modelos de equilíbrio para vapores de água e de amoníaco. As incertezas das medidas efectuadas foram processadas de acordo coma metodologia GUM de avaliação de incertezas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o modelo de equilíbrio considerado é adequado à preparação de misturas gasosas contendo vapores e que em conjunto com um procedimento de diluição dinâmica foi possível preparar misturas gasosas com um amplo registo de concentrações. O cálculo da incerteza expandida relativa às medidas efectuadas, mostrou que a temperatura era uma das mais importantes variáveis de medida. Neste trabalho foi ensaiada uma tecnologia de medida de amónia com base em sensores electroquímicos que mostrou algumas dificuldades de aplicação e que necessita de esclarecer melhor o modelo de resposta tendo em vista a sua aplicação em processos de medida.

Chemical measurements involving principles and methodologies of science metrology is relatively recent and is still under development. The present work was developed with a rig of hardware and software already prepared from a preliminary version. Operated with gas mixtures and vapours prepared from evaporation of pure liquids and solutions, the current measuring system allows the preparation of gas mixtures of known composition using a set of different sensors, namely temperature, pressure and gas mass flow. Within the framework of the studies it was studied and developed models of measurement for the different gas mixtures based on equilibrium of vapours from pure water and from ammonia solution. For uncertainties evaluation the GUM methodology was applied. The experimental results show that the models of measurement are appropriate for preparation of gas mixtures, under certain conditions the principles of equilibrium was verified for vapours species in gas mixtures and that it was possible to prepare gaseous mixtures with a large range of concentrations, by dynamic volumetric methods using gas mass flow meters. The calculation of the expanded uncertainty of vapour gas mixtures composition shows that the temperature is the most important variable. An ammonia electrochemical sensor was tested and it was found that some application difficulties that require some additional work in order to be useful in a straightforward way.

Mestrado em Engenharia do ambiente

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Engenharia do ambiente, Misturas gasosas, Sistemas de medida, Sensores químicos, Metrologia, Amoníaco

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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