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Perfil de susceptibilidade do Streptococcus agalactiae a antimicrobianos

Authors: Araújo, Maria José de Oliveira;

Perfil de susceptibilidade do Streptococcus agalactiae a antimicrobianos

Abstract

O Streptococcus agalactiae ou do grupo B (SGB) reconhecido durante décadas como o agente etiológico da mastite bovina é, hoje em dia, um patogénio associado a várias patologias humanas. É frequentemente associado a patologias da grávida e do recém-nascido, mas a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) alerta para o risco elevado de morte por doença invasiva causada por este agente em indivíduos com mais de 65 anos. Embora a infecção por SGB tenda a ocorrer mais comummente em adultos do que em recém-nascidos, a taxa de mortalidade é mais elevada nestes últimos (Joachim et al 2009). Os estudos de prevalência mostram taxas de colonização variáveis de acordo com a população estudada, a sua localização geográfica, a região onde é feita a pesquisa (vaginal e/ou rectal) e com as características do meio de cultura utilizado (Diaz e Nieves 2008). No presente estudo obteve-se uma prevalência de 19,7% (105 amostras positivas nas 533 estudadas). Os antibióticos estudados, penicilina, eritromicina e clindamicina foram escolhidos com base nos critérios da Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). As 105 amostras positivas estudadas foram todas sensíveis à penicilina e obteve-se uma taxa de resistência de 22,9% tanto para a eritromicina como para a clindamicina. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a população estudada apresenta uma taxa elevada de resistência aos antibióticos de segunda linha. Estes dados podem dever-se ao facto de não se conhecer o estado real de alergia à penicilina e ao uso imediato da clindamicina como alternativa. No Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, E.P.E. (CHEDV), a eritromicina está em desuso por ter menor capacidade de atravessar a barreira placentária e atingir as concentrações desejadas para prevenção de infecção no recémnascido. Espera-se que num futuro próximo se desenvolva a tão desejada vacina capaz de prevenir a infecção por SGB, bem como o desenvolvimento de técnicas de pesquisa e rastreio deste agente que possam ser realizadas no momento do parto de forma a minimizar as situações em que o rastreio realizado entre as 35 e as 37 semanas de gestação não detecta a colonização pela bactéria.

Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus group B (GBS) was recognized for decades as the causative agent of bovine mastitis but today is a pathogen associated with several human diseases. It is often associated with pregnant and newborn diseases but World Health Organization (WHO) warns to the high risk of death in individuals over 65. Although GBS infection tends to occur more in adults than in newborns, the mortality rate is higher in the youngest group (Joachim et al 2009). Prevalence studies show that colonization rates can vary according to the characteristics of the population, geographic location, product tested (vaginal and/or rectal) and the characteristics of the culture medium used (Diaz and Nieves 2008). In this study we obtained a prevalence rate of 19,7% (105 positive samples in 533 studied). Penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin were selected based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. The 105 positive samples were all susceptible to penicillin and a resistance rate of 22,9% was obtained for both erythromycin and clindamycin. According to the results, we concluded that the population we studied has a high resistance rate of the second choice antibiotics. These facts may be due to the use of clindamycin as alternative even when the real allergy state from the patient to penicillin is unknown. In Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, E.P.E. (CHEDV), the use of erythromycin is decreasing due to lower ability to cross the placental barrier and reach the desired concentrations of the chemical in order to prevent an infection in newborn. It is desirable that, in a near future, scientists not only can develop a vaccine to prevent GBS infection but also can develop new research methods to test the presence of this agent at the moment of delivery in order to minimize the situations where the screening performed between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy failed to detect bacterial colonization.

Mestrado em Microbiologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Recém-nascidos - Patologias, Microbiologia, Microorganismos patogénicos, Gravidez - Patologias, Resistência a antibióticos, Streptococcus agalactiae

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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