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Sensor para detectar a presença de detergentes em águas

Authors: Gomes, Filipe José Ribeiro;

Sensor para detectar a presença de detergentes em águas

Abstract

Neste trabalho pretendeu-se desenvolver um sensor químico, baseado na utilização de um cristal piezoeléctrico de quartzo com eléctrodos de ouro, para detectar o detergente em águas provenientes da máquina de lavar roupa. O objectivo de introduzir o sensor na configuração da máquina de lavar seria evitar a ocorrência de ciclos desnecessários durante a lavagem da roupa, de maneira a poupar água. Os sensores de ondas acústicas têm a vantagem de serem económicos, simples, versáteis, sensíveis a pequenas variações nas propriedades dos líquidos, adaptando-se aos objectivos pretendidos e do cristal ser reutilizável. Testou-se a eficácia do sensor em distinguir águas provenientes de enxaguamentos sucessivos de uma máquina de lavar roupa, tendo-se utilizado diferentes quantidades de detergente e lavando quer roupa limpa, quer roupa suja. Há diferenças nas frequências à medida que o programa de lavagem e os enxaguamentos prosseguem. Essas frequências estão relacionadas com os ângulos de contacto. Amostras com menores ângulos proporcionam maiores diferenças de frequência entre o valor observado para a amostra e o valor para a água limpa. A sensibilidade do cristal varia com a concentração de detergente. A zona de maior sensibilidade do sensor é aquela onde existem menores concentrações de detergente, e é precisamente nesta zona que se encontra o valor lido para o último enxaguamento. Para as águas do último enxaguamento observaram-se diferenças de frequência médias para a água limpa de -68Hz a -82Hz, que correspondem a uma concentração de detergente abaixo de 0,05 mg/mL, que nos afigura ser um valor aceitável para terminar o ciclo de enxaguamento. Por fim, foi testado o sensor na máquina de lavar roupa, tendo este sido colocado no tubo de escoamento da máquina, e verificou-se que consegue detectar o detergente proveniente das águas dos enxaguamentos. Não se conseguiram no entanto registar com precisão os valores da frequência do cristal em contacto com a água que saía da máquina, porque para a frequência do cristal estabilizar seriam necessários 15 minutos. Como as sucessivas extracções de água durante a lavagem da roupa ocorrem com intervalos de tempo relativamente curtos (<15 minutos), sugere-se a utilização de uma electroválvula programada para permitir ao sensor efectuar leituras antes da saída do ciclo seguinte.

In this study we sought to develop a chemical sensor based on the use of a piezoelectric quartz crystal with gold electrodes, to detect the detergent in water from the washing machine. The purpose of introducing the sensor in the configuration of the washing machine would prevent to carry out unnecessary rinsing cycles, in order to save water. The acoustic wave sensors have the advantage of being economic, simple, versatile and sensitive to small variations in the properties of liquids, adapting itself to the aims pursued. Besides, the crystal can be reused. We tested the effectiveness of the sensor to distinguish water from successive rinses in a washing machine, using different amounts of detergent and washing either clean or dirty clothes. Differences in the frequencies were observed as the washing cycle and rinses are carried out. These differences in frequencies can be related to the contact angles of the water samples. The smaller the contact angles the higher the frequency differences between the observed value for the sample and the value for clean water. The sensitivity of the crystal varies with the concentration of the detergent. The highest sensitivity of the sensor was observed in the range of the lowest concentration of detergent, where the values for the last rinses were found. For the last rinses water samples, the frequency related to clean water were -68Hz to -82Hz, which corresponded to a concentration of detergent below 0,05 mg/mL, which seems to be an acceptable value to finish the rinsings. Finally, we tested the sensor in the washing machine, by placing it in the drain pipe machine. It was found that it can detect the detergent from the rinse water although precision of the readings need to be improved. Record the frequency values of the crystal in contact with water coming out of the machine became difficult, because for the frequency stabilization would take 15 minutes. As the successive extractions of rinsing water occurs within short intervals of time (<15 minutes), it is suggested that a solenoid valve should be used in order to allow to record the sensor readings and to perform or not the next cycle.

Mestrado em Química Analítica e Controlo de Qualidade

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Sensores piezoeléctricos, Sensores químicos, Análise química quantitativa, Química analítica, Cristais de quartzo, Detergentes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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