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Secagem pressurizada de madeira

Authors: Matos, João Miguel Fernandes Pinto de;

Secagem pressurizada de madeira

Abstract

Desde cedo a floresta tornou-se fonte de um material chave até ao tempo presente, com inúmeras aplicações – a madeira. Na natureza, a madeira encontra-se disponível em grandes quantidades mas geralmente com um conteúdo de humidade muito elevado. Para ser utilizada nas melhores condições, esse conteúdo de humidade deve ser substancialmente reduzido. A secagem é um processo em constante desenvolvimento e é neste sentido que foi ensaiada a secagem pressurizada de madeira a alta temperatura. Foram definidas as variáveis operatórias e a gama de variação – temperatura (125, 135 e 145ºC), pressão absoluta (1, 1.5 e 2 bar) e velocidade de escoamento (2, 6 e 10 m.s-1), assim como o protocolo experimental a realizar. Após a realização das experiências e análise dos resultados obtidos observou-se que a taxa de secagem é influenciada pelas condições operatórias, isto é, a taxa de secagem aumenta com o aumento da temperatura, a diminuição da pressão e aumento da velocidade de escoamento. A duração de cada experiência também é influenciada pelas condições operatórias, uma vez que diminui com o aumento da temperatura, diminuição da pressão e diminuição da velocidade do fluído. Nas experiências realizadas obtiveram-se tempos de duração entre 7,52 horas e 22,43 horas. A diferença entre a temperatura de bolbo seco e bolbo húmido é também, um factor importante pois influencia a remoção de humidade. Foi obtido um valor máximo de 13,27% em conteúdo de humidade final para 125ºC, 2 bar e 10 m.s-1, sendo o valor mínimo obtido de 2,14%, para 145ºC, 1 bar e 2 m.s-1. A nível da estrutura e dimensões observou-se que o processo provoca alterações nas dimensões da tábua assim como defeitos de secagem, tais como, torção, colapso, abertura de fendas existentes, defeitos nos nós e coloração. Finalmente, a análise ao consumo de energia do processo revelou uma forte dependência do consumo do ventilador relativamente à velocidade de ventilação. Curiosamente, não se verifica dependência semelhante no consumo energético das resistências de aquecimento com a temperatura, uma vez que um aumento da temperatura não implica um aumento no consumo das resistências.

From early on, the forest became the source of a key material until the present time, with many applications - wood. In nature, wood is available in large quantities but usually with a very high moisture content. To be used in the best conditions, the moisture content must be substantially reduced. Drying is a process in constant development and this is why pressurized high temperature wood drying was tested. The operative variables and the range of variation - temperature (125, 135 and 145°C), absolute pressure (1, 1.5 and 2 bar) and flow velocity (2, 6 and 10 m.s-1) were defined, as well as the experimental protocol to be implemented. After the execution of the experiments and analysis of results, it was showed that the drying rate is influenced by operating conditions, ie, the drying rate increases with increasing temperature, pressure reduction and increasing flow velocity. The duration of each experiment is also influenced by operating conditions, since it decreases with increasing temperature, decreased pressure and decreased fluid velocity. In the experiments were obtained duration times between 7,52 hours and 22,43 hours. The difference between dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature is also an important influence on the removal of moisture. The maximum value of moisture content obtained was 13,27%, for 125ºC, 2 bar and 10 m.s-1, and the minimum value was 2,14%, for 145ºC, 1 bar and 2 m.s-1. In the analysis of the structure and size of the wood, it was noted that the process causes changes in the dimensions of the board as well as drying defects such as twist, collapse, opening of cracks, defects in knots and color. Finally, in the analysis of the energy consumption revealed strong dependence of the consumption of the blower on the fluid velocity. Interestingly, there is no similar reliance on consumption of heating resistance with temperature, since an increase in temperature does not imply an increase in consumption of resistance.

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Madeira: Secagem, Engenharia mecânica, Vapor, Consumo de energia, Secagem: Altas temperaturas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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