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Produção de biochar por pirólise de biomassa florestal

Authors: Videira, Mariana Gonçalves de Sousa;

Produção de biochar por pirólise de biomassa florestal

Abstract

Com o aumento das emissões de gases de efeito estufa para a atmosfera e respetivas consequências, tem vindo a aumentar a procura por soluções eficazes que minimizem o problema. A pirólise de biomassa florestal, que consiste na conversão de biomassa através de calor numa atmosfera inerte, em produtos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos com diversas finalidades, é considerada um processo termoquímico promissor, para este grande objetivo. Neste trabalho, foram estudadas três tipologias de biomassa residual de origem florestal, nomeadamente, a Acácia (Acacia longifolia), a Giesta (Cytisus striatus) e o Tojo (Ulex minor), sendo submetidas ao processo de pirólise. Para tal, foi utilizado um reator de leito fixo à escala laboratorial e fizeram-se variar três condições operatórias: “temperatura de processo”, “taxa de aquecimento” e “tempo de residência”, nos valores de 450 e 550ºC, 10 e 20ºC/min e 10 e 30 min, respetivamente. De seguida, foi determinada a produção específica de biochar, bio-óleo e gases não condensáveis, resultantes do processo de pirólise, para cada tipo de biomassa e condição de operação. Foi, ainda, caracterizado o biochar obtido através da análise imediata e elementar, cujos resultados obtidos foram estudados considerando as características da biomassa utilizada. Desta forma, tendo em conta a metodologia aplicada, foram obtidos valores de produção específica de biochar compreendidos entre 0,2497 e 0,3122 kg biochar/kg bm bs. A produção específica de bio-óleo variou entre 0,3490 e 0,5203 kg bio-óleo/kg bm bs, e o de gases permanentes entre 0,1870 e 0,3621 kg gás/kg bm bs. Concluiu-se que, mantendo todas as condições e aumentando a temperatura de processo a produção específica de biochar diminui e o de bio-óleo aumenta. Quando varia, somente, a taxa de aquecimento para um valor superior, verifica-se um decréscimo na produção específica de biochar, bem como, quando a variação ocorre no tempo de residência de 10 para 30 minutos. Posteriormente, foram também analisadas as amostras de biochar, todas apresentando um conteúdo de carbono superior a 0,50 kg C/kg bs. As condições operatórias que permitiram obter um biochar mais estável, foram aquelas que apresentam um maior conteúdo de carbono. A partir dos resultados da análise elementar, obtiveram-se os valores de poder calorífico do biochar, que são superiores aos da biomassa.

With increased greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere and due consequences, there has been a growing demand for solutions that minimize this problem. Pyrolysis of forest biomass is considered a promising thermochemical process, which consists of the conversion of biomass through heat in an inert atmosphere, into solid, liquid, and gaseous products for various purposes. In this work, 3 types of residual biomass of forest origin were studied, namely Acacia (Acacia longifolia), Giesta (Cytisus striatus) and Tojo (Ulex minor) and submitted to the pyrolysis process. For this, a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor was used, and 3 operating conditions were tested: "process temperature", "heating rate" and "residence time" in the values of 450 and 550ºC, 10 and 20ºC/min and 10 and 30 min, respectively. Then, the yield of biochar, bio-oil and non-condensable gases resulting from the pyrolysis process was determined for each type of biomass and operating condition. It was also characterized the biochar obtained through immediate and elementary analysis, whose results were studied considering the characteristics of the biomass used. Thus, considering the applied methodology, biochar yield values between 0,2497 and 0,3122 kg biochar/kg bm bs were obtained. The bio-oil yield ranged from 0,3490 to 0,5203 kg bio-oil/kg bm bs, and that of non-condensable gases between 0.1870 and 0,3621 kg gas/kg bm bs. It was concluded that, maintaining all conditions and increasing the process temperature, the biochar yield decreases and the bio-oil yield increases. When varied only, the heating rate for a higher value, there is a decrease in biochar yield, and the same occurs when the residence time is varied from 10 to 30 minutes. Subsequently, the charred ones were analyzed, all of which had a carbon content greater than 0,50 kg C/kg biochar bs. The operating conditions that allowed to obtain a more stable biochar, are those with a higher carbon content. From the results of the elemental analysis, were obtained the calorific values of the biochar, which are higher than those of biomass.

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Giesta, Tojo, Biochar, Taxa de aquecimento, Produção específica, Acácia, Tempo de residência, Pirólise, Temperatura

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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