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Effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) In Chironomus riparius

Authors: Silva, Bruna Soares da;

Effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) In Chironomus riparius

Abstract

A invenção da primeira lâmpada mudou a sociedade e causou alterações aos padrões de intensidade e espetro das condições de luz. A iluminação artificial noturna (ALAN) é considerada uma pressão antropogénica emergente associada à urbanização, que está a afetar a biodiversidade. É descrito que a ALAN tem a capacidade de desregular os ciclos circadianos, suprimir a síntese da hormona melatonina, causando alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais em organismos expostos a este stressor. Estudos focados nos efeitos da ALAN começaram a surgir nos últimos anos, mas centram-se maioritariamente nos ecossistemas terrestres e marinhos, deixando os de águas interiores francamente sub-estudados. Assim, esta dissertação teve como objetivo colmatar esta lacuna no conhecimento investigando efeitos da ALAN e o papel mediador de tais efeitos da hormona melatonina em insetos aquáticos. Em laboratório, foram expostas larvas de Chironomus riparius a duas intensidades luminosas (1 e 10 lux, utilizando lâmpadas LED) durante o período noturno, e a uma concentração de melatonina (1 μM) de forma a verificar como o seu ciclo de vida e certos parâmetros bioquímicos seriam afetados. Foi possível observar que a exposição a ALAN atrasa a emergência de C. riparius, e afeta o tamanho de machos adultos. Exposições de curta duração mostraram que a ALAN pode causar stress e danos oxidativos em larvas de C. riparius, bem como alterar o seu metabolismo energético. A hormona melatonina, tendo em conta as suas características antioxidantes, apenas conseguiu mediar parcialmente os efeitos causados pela exposição a ALAN. Em conclusão, estes resultados sugerem que baixos níveis de iluminação artificial noturna podem de facto afetar negativamente o ciclo de vida deste invertebrado aquático com potenciais efeitos adversos ao nível populacional indicando a necessidade de mais estudos focados nesta problemática. São necessários, por exemplo, estudos para estimar consequências ao nível da fertilidade e fecundidade de C. riparius, bem como efeitos multigeracionais. Dado a importante função reguladora da homeostasia da hormona melatonina, esta deve continuar a ser incluída como controlo positivo para melhor se conhecer o seu mecanismo de ação em invertebrados. Esses estudos permitirão uma eficiente avaliação e regulação da poluição luminosa, contribuindo para uma melhor gestão e conservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos urbanos.

Ever since the invention of light, our society was changed, and alterations on light intensity and spectrum patterns were observed. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is considered an emergent anthropogenic pressure, linked to urbanization, that is affecting biodiversity. It is reported that ALAN has the capacity to interfere with the circadian rhythms and to suppress melatonin synthesis, leading to behavioral and physiological changes in organisms exposed this stressor. Effects of ALAN in terrestrial and marine ecosystems have been documented in the last years, however freshwater systems and freshwater species remain understudied. Therefore, and aiming to better understand what happens in freshwater systems, Chironomus riparius larvae were exposed to two light intensities (1 and 10 lux, during nighttime using LED lamps), and one exogenous melatonin concentration (1 μM) to assess possible effects on lifehistory traits and on biochemical endpoints. Results showed that exposure to ALAN induced a delay in emergence for C. riparius, and a reduction in size of male imagoes. Short-term exposures to ALAN caused oxidative stress and damage on C. riparius larvae, and also altered their energy metabolism. Added exogenous melatonin, despite being known for its pleiotropic effects and antioxidative actions, could only partially mediate effects caused by ALAN. To summarize, these results suggest that low intensity levels of ALAN can affect C. riparius life-history and physiology, with potential population level effects, revealing the need for studies on ecological effects of ALAN. More studies need to, for instance, estimate effects on fertility and fecundity, and evaluate multigenerational consequences. Given the central role of melatonin, its physiological action should also be studied to unravel the mechanisms of action in invertebrates. This research will allow to evaluate light pollution thus contributing to a better management and conservation of urban aquatic ecosystems.

Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Light pollution, Physiology, Life cycle, Aquatic insects, Urbanization, Circadian rhythms, Melatonin

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center
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