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Diferenças salariais de género e a segregação: o caso dos graduados e pós-graduados

Authors: Correia, Joana Rita Martins;

Diferenças salariais de género e a segregação: o caso dos graduados e pós-graduados

Abstract

Atualmente, disparidades salariais entre homens e mulheres continuam a existir em todos os países da União Europeia, com Portugal a apresentar um nível de disparidade salarial elevado. Nos últimos anos em Portugal as Mulheres têm vindo a participar em taxas superiores às dos Homens sobretudo em níveis de educação superior, mas apesar disto o gap salarial entre géneros não tem diminuído. Uma das razões apontadas para a continuação deste diferencial passa pela segregação ocupacional nos setores e profissões. Esta pesquisa tem assim como objetivo fundamental avaliar e entender as diferenças salarias e tentar perceber se a segregação de género, no caso dos graduados e pós-graduados impacta este gap. Para isso utilizamos dados retirados do Inquérito ao Emprego de 2016 a 2020. Foi utlizado o índice de dissemelhança de maneira a calcular a segregação e o Modelo OLS e de Oaxaca-Blinder de modo a calcular as fontes das diferenças salarias. Os nossos resultados demonstram que ainda existe segregação em Portugal quer por profissão (34,17%) quer por setor (33,38%), esta segregação é superior para níveis mais altos de escolaridade – nomeadamente entre Mestres. Os resultados demonstraram ainda a existência de um gap salarial para todos os níveis de educação. Este gap é superior com um Mestrado (11,59 pp). Concluímos que em Portugal para o período de tempo estudado existem diferenças salariais e que a segregação de género tem influência nestas, especialmente para níveis de educação superior.

Currently, pay gaps between men and women continue to exist in all the European Union countries, with Portugal showing a high level of pay differential. In recent years in Portugal women have been participating at a greater rate than men, especially in higher education levels, but in despite this the wage gap between genders has not decreased. One of the reasons pointed out for the continuity of this differential is occupational segregation in sectors and professions. The purpose of this research is therefore to assess and understand the wage gap and to try to understand whether gender segregation, in the case of graduates and postgraduates, influences this gap. For this purpose, we used data from the Inquérito ao Emprego from 2016 to 2020. We used the dissimilarity index to calculate segregation and the OLS and Oaxaca-Blinder models to calculate the sources of the wage gap. Our results show that segregation still exists in Portugal, both by profession (34.17%) and by sector (33.38%), and that segregation is superior for higher levels of education - namely among Masters. The results also showed the existence of a wage gap for all levels of education. This gap is higher with a master’s degree (11.59 pp). We conclude that in Portugal for the studied period there is a gender pay gap and that gender segregation has an influence on these differences, especially for higher education levels.

Mestrado em Economia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diferenças salarias de género, Segregação de género, Graduados, Pós-graduados

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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