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Extracção de hemiceluloses com líquidos iónicos

Authors: Ferreira, Jeannette Pereira de Sousa;

Extracção de hemiceluloses com líquidos iónicos

Abstract

Este trabalho teve como principal objectivo extrair a hemicelulose da pasta Kraft, com líquidos iónicos (LIs). Numa primeira fase, fez-se uma selecção de alguns LIs, para averiguar qual deles teria maior selectividade para dissolver a hemicelulose. Verificou-se que o líquido iónico (LI) [C2mim][CH3CO2], era o que apresentava maior capacidade de dissolução, tanto para a hemicelulose como para a celulose. Assim, optou-se por escolher o LI [C2mim][MeSO4], cuja selectividade para a hemicelulose era mais importante. Posteriormente realizou-se um planeamento experimental, e como variáveis de estudo utilizaram-se a temperatura e a razão mássica pasta/líquido iónico. As amostras foram todas analisadas pela Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformadas de Fourier (FTIR), para a determinação do índice de grupos carboxílicos (IGC) presente na pasta, depois da dissolução da hemicelulose. Para estudar melhor a relação entre estas variáveis (temperatura e razão pasta/líquido iónico) e o IGC, recorreu-se às metodologias de superfície de resposta. Os resultados obtidos mostram que para elevadas temperaturas (acima de 50 ºC) e razões pasta/líquido iónico (acima de 0,04), obtêm-se valores de IGC elevados. Se forem utilizadas temperaturas elevadas (acima dos 50 ºC) e razões baixas (abaixo de 0,02), ou então, temperaturas baixas (abaixo dos 50 ºC) e razões elevadas (acima de 0,04), obtêm-se valores de IGC baixos. Em termos de composição química, da pasta original e das pastas com maior e menor IGC, podemos constatar que nos três casos, os monossacarídeos predominantes são claramente a glucose (presente em maior quantidade) e a xilose. Esta análise de cromatografia gasosa (GC), veio comprovar os resultados do FTIR, pois a pasta com menor IGC tem menor quantidade de xilose, ao contrário da pasta com maior IGC que apresenta maior quantidade de xilose. Todos estes resultados levam-nos a concluir que houve extracção de hemiceluloses da pasta com o LI seleccionado. Uma última fase deste trabalho consistiu na extracção da hemicelulose do LI com o solvente acetona, mas infelizmente não foi conseguida, pois a quantidade presente deste polissacarídeo era muito pequena e difícil de recuperar. ABSTRACT: This work had as main objective the extraction of hemicellulose from kraft pulp, with ionic liquids (ILs). The first step began with the selection of some ILs to identify which of them would have a greater selectivity to dissolve the hemicellulose. It was found that the ionic liquid (IL) [C2mim][CH3CO2] was the one presenting the greatest ability to dissolve both hemicellulose and cellulose. So, it was decided to choose the IL [C2mim] [MeSO4], because this had greater selectivity for the hemicellulose than cellulose. The next step was the experimental planning, and the variables studied were the temperature and the ratio of pulp/ionic liquid. The samples were all analyzed by Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FTIR) for determination of the carboxylic groups index (CGI) in the pulp, after the dissolution of hemicellulose. To better study the relationship between these variables (temperature and the ratio of pulp/ionic liquid) and the CGI, it was suggested to use the methods of response surface. The results show that for higher temperatures (above 50 º C) and the higher ratios of pulp/ionic liquid (above 0.04), the CGI values obtained were higher too. On the contrary, when higher temperatures are used (above 50 º C) and lower ratios of pulp/ionic liquid (under 0.02), or, at the lowers temperatures (below 50 º C) and higher ratios of pulp/ionic liquid (over 0.04), the CGI values obtained were low. In terms of the chemical composition of the original pulp and the pulp with the highest and lowest IGC, it was noted that in the three cases the predominant monosaccharides are clearly glucose (present in greater quantity) and xylose. This analysis by gas chromatography (GC) had confirmed the results of FTIR, because the pulp with lower CGI has a smaller amount of xylose, in contrast to the pulp with higher IGC that presents a larger amount of xylose. All these results lead to the conclusion that the IL selected could extract hemicellulose from the pulp. The final step of this work consisted of the hemicellulose extraction from IL with acetone, however it was not achieved because the amount of polysaccharide present was very small and difficult to recover.

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pasta de papel kraft, Ácidos carboxílicos, Engenharia química, Soluções iónicas, Celulose

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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