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Tratamento de efluentes industriais por processos físico-químicos

Authors: Mendes, Vasco Rafael Marques;

Tratamento de efluentes industriais por processos físico-químicos

Abstract

A cinética da redução de crómio (VI) a crómio (III) pelo bissulfito de sódio (NaHSO3) foi estudada num reactor batch (regime descontínuo), para uma gama de concentrações de reagentes e temperaturas. Atingiu-se uma eficiência de remoção de Cr(VI) de 99,99% (100%) para uma concentração de bissulfito igual a 30% (0,3 M), para um tempo de reacção de 18 minutos a 17ºC (pH 11 e agitação não muito vigorosa). A oxidação de CN- surge com a adição de hipoclorito de sódio e de soda cáustica seguindo uma cinética de pseudo - primeira ordem. A velocidade de oxidação de CN- aumentou com o aumento de concentração de hipoclorito de sódio, no entanto não foi afectada tendo em conta as diferentes gamas de temperatura aplicadas (18 – 45ºC). Os coeficientes de velocidade k’ (pseudo - primeira ordem) determinados, foram de 0,227; 0,134 e 0,0907 min-1 para dosagens de hipoclorito de sódio de 0,13; 0,065 e 0,0325; respectivamente (pH> 11 e T= 18ºC). Relativamente ao resultado do estudo do efeito da variação de temperatura de operação, os coeficientes de velocidade k’ (pseudo - primeira ordem) determinados, foram de 0,227; 0,170 e 0.127 min-1 para as temperaturas de 18, 30 e 45ºC respectivamente (pH> 11 e NaOCl a 0,13 M) Tendo em conta a equação de Arrhenius, a energia de activação de 15,1 kJ/mol e o factor pré-exponencial de 2,26×10+3 min-1 foram obtidas para uma gama de temperaturas situadas entre 291 – 318 K. Através de um conjunto de ensaios de Jar – Test testados ao nível laboratorial, realizou-se um estudo visando a optimização da remoção de metais (Fe e Ni) em efluentes com concentrações elevadas dos mesmo (3 000,00 11. The cyanide oxidation took place with a overage of sodium hypochlorite and soda concentrations, following a pseudo-first order kinetic. The cyanide oxidation rate increased with the increasing of sodium hypochlorite dosage. However wasn’t effected for the temperature range applied. The pseudo-first order rate coefficients (k’), were determined as 0,227; 0,134 and 0,0907 min-1 when the hypochlorite dosages were 0,13; 0,065 and 0,0325 M at 18ºC and pH > 11, respectively. Taking into account the study of the temperature range effect, the rate coefficients (k’), were determined as 0,227; 0,170 and 0,127 min-1 for temperature range of 18, 30 and 45ºC at pH > 11 and NaOCl (0,13 M). According to the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of 15,1 kJ/mol and the pré-exponencial factor 2,26×10+3 min-1 were obtained for a temperature range of 291 – 318 K. According to a group of laboratorial testing (Jar – Test), the optimization study of removal metals was performed in concentrate effluents (3000,00 < Fe < 75000,00 mg/L and 500,00 < Ni < 1600,00 mg/L). Therefore, a group of different sort of neutralizing and coagulants were tested, in order to determine and optimize the dosage end pH operation, and determine the optimal sequence of adding reagents. The analysis and characterization of sludge are the key process for further classification and possible minimization of some economic aspects. To this end, a study for characterization and classification of a sample of sludge from process treatment area was performed. Taking account the values of the analysis on the residual (acid attack) and eluate made of sludge, by the comparison with the minimum prescribe by law, notes that this is classified as non – hazardous sludge.

Mestrado em Engenharia Química

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Engenharia química, Reacções de oxidação, Efluentes industriais, Reacções de redução, Tratamento de efluentes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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