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Estudos catalíticos por metaloporfirinas e afins em fase homogénea e heterogénea

Authors: Pires, Sónia Maria Gomes;

Estudos catalíticos por metaloporfirinas e afins em fase homogénea e heterogénea

Abstract

A procura de catalisadores capazes de promover a oxidação selectiva de compostos orgânicos, sob condições moderadas, não agressivas para o meio ambiente, é sem dúvida um dos maiores desafios da química orgânica. Neste aspecto, as metaloporfirinas pela sua capacidade de mimetizar actividade catalítica in vivo do citocromo P450, apresentam grandes potencialidades. O trabalho a que se reporta esta dissertação envolveu numa primeira etapa a síntese de catalisadores robustos baseados na meso-tetraquis-2,6- diclofenil)porfirina. No capítulo 1 são apresentadas as diferentes rotas sintéticas que levaram à sua obtenção, sendo de destacar a síntese de duas novas clorinas de manganês, através de uma reacção de cicloadição 1,3- dipolar com um ileto azometino. A fase seguinte, descrita no capítulo 2, compreendeu a avaliação da actividade catalítica de um dos novos catalisadores sintetizados em processos de epoxidação em fase homogénea. Para o feito foram testados quatro alcenos, cis-cicloocteno, ciclo-hexeno, 1H-indeno e estireno, usando como oxidante o peróxido de hidrogénio. A eficiência catalítica da nova metaloclorina foi comparada com a do análogo porfirínico correspondente, conhecido pelos bons resultados que produz, tendo-se verificado óptimas taxas de conversão para todos os substratos estudados. Por fim, foi ainda avaliada a potencialidade deste novo catalisador em catálise heterogénea. Com este objectivo foi realizada com sucesso a imobilização da clorina de manganês num suporte de sílica através de uma reacção de substituição nucleofílica. O catalisador heterogéneo assim obtido foi avaliado na epoxidação do cis-cicloocteno, tendo-se realizado um estudo de optimização das condições reaccionais, que envolveu dois oxidantes, o peróxido de hidrogénio e o hidroperóxido de t-butilo. O novo catalisador heterogéneo sintetizado, mostrou elevada eficiência catalítica, e ainda, na presença do hidroperóxido de t-butilo, uma capacidade de reciclagem bastante aceitável. ABSTRACT: The search for catalyst, able to promote selective oxidation of organic compounds, under mild and environment friendly conditions, is nowadays one of the most important challenges in organic chemistry. Metalloporphyrins, by their intrinsic capability in mimicking the cythochrome P450, play a crucial role on such research. The work reported in these dissertation, involved initially the synthesis of catalysts based on meso-tetrakis-2,6-diclorophenyl)porphyrin. In chapter 1 will be presented the synthetic routes, chosen for catalysts synthetis. It is important to refer that two new manganese chlorins derivatives have been synthesized, by a 1,3-cycloadition reaction with a azomethine ylide. The next step, concern the evaluation of catalytic performance of the new manganese chlorin catalyst in epoxidation reactions, under homogeneous conditions, that is discussed in chapter 2. We have tested four alkenes, namely, cis-cyclootene, cyclohexene, 1H-indene and styrene, using as oxidant hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic efficiency of the new chlorin catalyst has been compared with its porphyrinic analogue, well known for the good results produced in oxidation reactions. Good substrate conversion has been observed for all tested alkenes. Finally, we have also evaluated the potentiality of the new manganese-chlorin under heterogeneous conditions. The new catalyst has been successfully immobilized in a silica matrix by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The obtained heterogeneous catalyst has been also tested in epoxidation of ciscyclooctene, whose substrate,was used to carried out a study of reaction conditions using two oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and t-butylhydroperoxide. The new heterogeneous catalyst has showed a very good catalytic efficiency worthing note that with t-butylhydroperoxide, a good recyclability was reached.

Mestrado em Química Orgânica e Produtos Naturais

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Catalisadores, Citocromos, Porfirinas, Química orgânica, Catálise heterogénea

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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