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Focagem acústica em tempo real

Authors: Resende, João Pedro Bastos;

Focagem acústica em tempo real

Abstract

À semelhança da esmagadora maioria dos animais, os seres humanos possuem dois receptores auditivos (audição bi-aural). Esta característica proporciona noção espacial do campo sonoro, permitindo estimar a proveniência dos sons e localizar as suas fontes, que é de vital importância. O cérebro humano desenvolveu notável capacidade de discriminar e focar selectivamente fontes sonoras, fazendo-o em tempo real mesmo em ambientes com elevado ruído (cocktail party effect). O desenvolvimento de dispositivos de auxílio a esta capacidade de focagem espacial pode ser útil no combate a problemas de perda auditiva. Neste projecto, foi formulado um método de focagem acústica a partir da análise de um cenário acústico genérico (multi-fonte e multireceptor), caracterizado através da medição das respostas impulsionais de todas as combinações fonte-receptor. O método baseia-se na utilização de receptores (microfones) com adequada diversidade espacial e na obtenção das respostas inversas (receptor-fonte) por processamento no domínio da frequência. Foi implementado utilizando uma aplicação desenvolvida em MATLAB. Conduziram-se testes de validação em ambiente de estúdio, em que a aplicação foi configurada para processar blocos de 4096 amostras, impondo uma latência de cerca de 90 ms. Estes testes comprovaram a capacidade de, partindo exclusivamente dos sinais captados pelos microfones, focar qualquer das fontes em tempo real. Evidenciaram também o forte impacto do acréscimo de diversidade espacial (número e dispersão dos microfones) na melhoria da relação sinal-ruído de focagem.

Like most other animals, humans possess binaural hearing. This is key to their perception of sound-field spatial properties, as it provides vitally important cues on the direction of impinging sound waves and, consequently, sound-source location. The human brain has developed remarkable ability to discriminate between, and selectively focus on, sound sources. This ability manifests itself in real time, even in noisy environments (cocktail-party effect). Devices to boost sound-source spatial discrimination capabilities may prove very useful in hearing-aid development. In this project, a source focussing method has been devised through the analysis of a generic (multi-source and multi-receiver) acoustic scenario, characterised by impulse responses measured for every sourcereceiver combination. The method, implemented using an application developed in MATLAB, is based on the use of receivers (microphones) with adequate spatial diversity and involves computation of inverse (i.e. receiver-source) responses by frequency domain processing. Validation tests have been carried out in a recording studio. The application was configured to process blocks of 4096 samples, imposing a latency around 90 ms. Results have shown that any of the source signals can be recovered from the microphone signals alone. They also evidenced that increasing spatial diversity (number and dispersion of microphones) significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Resposta Impulsional, Separação de Fonte, Multi- Recetores, Acústica, Multi-Emissores, Tempo Real, Focagem

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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