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Sistema de cozinha solar de alta temperatura

Authors: Alves, Olivia;

Sistema de cozinha solar de alta temperatura

Abstract

O fogão solar ou forno solar é um equipamento capaz de utilizar a energia solar para cocção de alimentos. Embora já seja possível encontrar vários modelos destes fogões no mercado, eles não se revelam eficazes quando comparados com os sistemas convencionais. É importante desenvolver sistemas capazes de cozinhar a altas temperaturas e quando não existe energia solar disponível de forma direta, o que implica armazenar a energia térmica adquirida a níveis térmicos compatíveis com a cocção de alimentos (>100 °C). Neste trabalho avalia-se a viabilidade e exequibilidade de um fogão solar indireto, com futura instalação na região de Aveiro, que permite o armazenamento de energia térmica a altas temperaturas usando materiais de mudança de fase (PCM), e a utilização de uma panela convencional. O sistema estudado engloba um concentrador de disco parabólico no qual circula um fluido de transferência térmica (HTF), para a captura e transporte da energia solar desde o coletor até à cozinha. Na cozinha, o reservatório de armazenamento de energia e o fogão são sistemas conjuntos, onde é armazenada a energia térmica usando um PCM com alta temperatura de fusão, neste caso específico de 142 °C. Realizou-se a análise dinâmica do sistema completo coletor-fogão incluindo o sistema de armazenamento de energia térmica, estimando o tempo necessário para ferver 1 L de água e cozinhar 500 g de arroz durante dois períodos de cozinha, um ao meio dia e um à noite. Verificou-se que a performance do fogão no período do meio dia é muito afetada pela quantidade de PCM usada. No entanto, provou-se ser viável cozinhar usando a energia térmica obtida a partir da energia solar armazenada previamente, sendo requeridos, na estação de Inverno, um mínimo de 26 min no período do meio dia para atingir o ponto de ebulição da água na panela e de 23 min no período da noite. Em ambos os períodos foram confirmadas as condições de manutenção da temperatura de ebulição da água a 100 °C durante 20 min, período tomado como necessário para a cozedura do arroz.

A solar cooker or solar oven uses solar energy for food cooking. Although it’s already possible to find several models of these cookers in the market, they are still not so effective when compared to conventional cooking systems. It is of major relevance to develop solar cookers capable of cooking at high temperatures even when solar energy is not available. Thus, pressure is on the development of high temperature indirect solar cookers, including high temperature thermal energy storage capabilities, at temperatures compatible with the thermal levels required by conventional food cooking (>100 °C). This work evaluates the feasibility and viability of a high temperature indirect solar cooker, working in the region of Aveiro, allowing the thermal energy storage at high temperatures using phase change materials (PCM), and the use of a conventional pan. The studied system includes a parabolic dish concentrating collector to capture the solar energy, in which circulates the heat transfer fluid (HTF) carrying the absorbed energy from the collector to the kitchen. In the kitchen, the energy storage system and the cooker are joint systems, the thermal energy being stored in a high temperature melting PCM, in this particular case of 142 °C. Dynamic simulations of the complete collector-cooker system were performed, estimating the required time to boil 1 L of water and cook 500 g rice during two periods, one at noon and one at night. Results show that the cooker’s performance at the noon period depends on the amount of PCM used. Nevertheless, results show that it is feasible to cook using the previously high temperature stored thermal energy even in winter, requiring a minimum of 26 min at the noon period to reach the water boiling point in the pan, and 23 min at the night period. For both, noon and night, cooking periods was confirmed the maintenance of the water boiling at 100 °C during 20 min, as required to cook 500 g rice.

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Materiais de mudança de fase, Fluido de transferência térmica, Energia Térmica, Alta temperatura, Coletores concentradores, Cozinha solar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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