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Estudo do cobalto em diamantes sintéticos

Authors: Neto, Miguel Ângelo da Costa;

Estudo do cobalto em diamantes sintéticos

Abstract

Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo experimental e teórico sobre a presença e incorporação do cobalto em diamantes sintéticos. O estudo experimental foca essencialmente o crescimento de filmes de diamante CVD em substratos de cobalto de elevada pureza, num reactor MPCVD. As inúmeras tentativas de crescimento permitiram conhecer as condições ideais que possibilitam o crescimento de filmes espessos neste tipo de substratos. As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas do ponto de vista da sua morfologia e qualidade cristalográfica, utilizando as técnicas MEV, DRX e a espectroscopia Raman. A detecção de impurezas incorporadas nos filmes foi realizada através da absorção óptica no infravermelho, por fotoluminescência e por EDS. A influência da adição de O2 e N2, durante o processo de deposição CVD, permitiu construir modelos para a incorporação do cobalto nestes filmes. Segundo um desses modelos, o cobalto é preferencialmente incorporado nas fronteiras de grão das suas cristalites e em planos cristalográficos (111). Os resultados dos estudos do infravermelho e da fotoluminescência sugerem a possibilidade de o cobalto estar igualmente incorporado na rede cristalina do filme, sob a forma de defeitos pontuais. A presença de impurezas mais leves, como o hidrogénio e o azoto, durante o processo CVD, pode justificar a detecção de centros opticamente activos no infravermelho e no visível, podendo estar directamente associados a complexos Co-H e Co-N, alguns dos quais igualmente observados em diamantes sintéticos HPHT. Também é considerada a formação de silicetos de cobalto, incorporados em canais nas fronteiras de grão dos filmes. O estudo teórico aplica o código ab initio – AIMPRO, utilizando os fundamentos da TFD com pseudopotenciais em supercélulas, a defeitos simples de cobalto e cobalto-hidrogénio na rede do diamante. A validação dos pseudopotenciais foi realizada através de testes à rede perfeita do diamante, ao cobalto metálico e a moléculas simples. Foram obtidas as configurações estáveis dos defeitos, assim como as respectivas energias de formação e os níveis eléctricos (dadores e aceitadores).

This work presents both an experimental and theoretical study about the presence and incorporation of cobalt in synthetic diamonds. The experimental part, focus the growth of CVD diamond films on highly pure cobalt substrates, using MPCVD technique. The several growth depositions allow us to know the ideal conditions that lead to the growth of thick films on this type of substrates. The samples obtained were characterised in terms of their morphology and crystallographic purity, using SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The detection of impurities incorporated in the films was done by IR optical absorption, photoluminescence and EDS. From the results obtained with the addition of O2 and N2 during the CVD process, we were able to create models for the incorporation of cobalt in the films. One particular model show that cobalt is preferential incorporated at the crystallites grain boundaries in (111) crystallographic planes. The data from IR and photoluminescence analysis suggest the possibility that cobalt can also be incorporated into the film as point defects. The presence in the reactor’s chamber of lighter impurities like hydrogen and nitrogen, can justify the detection of optically active centres in the IR and visible being associated to Co-H and Co-N complexes, some of them also observed in HPHT crystals. It is also considered the formation of some cobalt silicites in the films, incorporated in channels formed at the grain boundaries. The theoretical part uses the fundamentals of DFT in the ab initio code AIMPRO with pseudopotentials in supercells, applied to simple cobalt and cobalt-hydrogen point defects. Tests to the pseudopotentials were carried out on the pure diamond lattice, metallic cobalt and simple molecules. Finally it was possible to develop stable models for some of these defects. Electronic structures, formation energies and donor and acceptor levels were calculated.

Doutoramento em Física

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cobalto, Defeitos pontuais, Diamantes sintéticos, Deposição química de vapor, Filmes de diamante

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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