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A influência das actividades de campo na aquisição de conhecimentos científicos

Authors: Pato, Anabela Reste;

A influência das actividades de campo na aquisição de conhecimentos científicos

Abstract

O presente estudo pretendeu comparar a aquisição de conhecimentos científicos, entre dois grupos de alunos, do 7º ano de escolaridade, sujeitos a estratégias de ensino diferentes, para conteúdos programáticos incluídos no estudo da “Dinâmica dos Ecossistemas” (cadeias alimentares e níveis tróficos). O grupo experimental foi sujeito a uma prática pedagógica que incluía actividades fora da sala de aula (actividades de campo na praia de S. Martinho do Porto), para as quais foram elaborados diversos materiais específicos. A estratégia utilizada com o grupo controlo foi totalmente centrada na leccionação desenvolvida na sala de aula e sem recurso a actividades práticas. Para comparar a influência das duas actividades na aquisição de conhecimentos científicos, foram elaborados questionários, cuja aplicação foi efectuada antes e após a leccionação dos conteúdos programáticos, a ambos os grupos. Neste estudo verificou-se que houve alteração dos conhecimentos científicos, não se observando, todavia, diferenças entre o nível adquirido por ambos os grupos. As mudanças conceptuais, no sentido dos significados correctos, foram ligeiramente superiores no grupo que efectuou a saída de campo, já que ambos os grupos iniciaram o estudo dos conteúdos com as mesmas concepções sobre este assunto. Assim, pode concluir-se que: 1) ambas as estratégias de leccionação são válidas na aquisição de conhecimentos científicos; 2) as saídas de campo devem estar contextualizadas e coordenadas com os conteúdos na sala de aula; 3) a implementação de saídas de campo, próximo da escola, favorece a aceitação, por parte dos alunos, desses espaços como locais de aprendizagem científica; 4) o desenvolvimento de trabalhos de campo em pequenos grupos, supervisionados por monitores, favorece a cooperação e atenua a dispersão dos alunos, levando à concretização de todas as actividades.

The present study intended to compare the acquisition of scientific knowledge, between 2 groups of 7th grade students, who were subjected to different teaching strategies of programme contents: “The Ecosystem Dynamics” (food chains and trophic levels). The experimental group was subjected to a pedagogical practice, which included outdoor activities, for which different specific materials were made. The strategy used for the control group was totally centred in teaching practices in the classroom and with no experimental activities. To compare the influence of the two activities in the acquisition of scientific knowledge, questionnaires were made and given to the students of both groups, before and after learning the programme contents. Our results showed a change of the scientific knowledge, but there weren’t found any differences in the acquired level by both groups. The conceptual changes, a far as the correction of meanings was concerned, were slightly higher in the experimental group, since both groups started out the study of contents at the same conceptual level. Thus, we can conclude that: 1) both teaching strategies are valid for the acquisition of scientific knowledge; 2) the field trips have to be put into context and coordinated with classroom contents; 3) the implementation of field trips, near the school, favours the acceptance, among students, of outdoor spaces as sites of scientific learning; 4) the development of field work in small groups, supervised by monitors, favours the cooperation and diminishes the students’ dispersion, leading to the fulfilment of all activities.

Mestrado em Ensino de Geologia e Biologia

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Portugal
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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