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Estudo comparativo da composição química e morfológica das madeiras Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens

Authors: Bastos, Margarida Ferreira;

Estudo comparativo da composição química e morfológica das madeiras Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens

Abstract

A madeira de Eucalyptus globulus é a maior fonte de matéria-prima da indústria de pasta e papel dada a sua elevada aptidão papeleira comparativamente a outras espécies. Contudo, a oferta de E. globulus no mercado nacional é deficitária face às necessidades de consumo, pelo que atualmente são incorporadas outras espécies de eucalipto, em particular o E. nitens, para a produção de pasta, afetando as suas propriedades. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as diferenças de composição química e morfológica de duas madeiras do género Eucalyptus – globulus (Portugal) e nitens (Galiza) – que contribuem para as diferenças relacionadas com o comportamento e desempenho no cozimento kraft. Os cozimentos kraft das madeiras revelaram a necessidade de uma maior carga de reagentes de cozimento do E. nitens (AA=19,2 % Na2O) em comparação ao E. globulus (AA=15,6 % Na2O) para obter pastas com índice kappa cerca de 16. A composição química sumária das madeiras foi estudada e a estrutura morfológica foi analisada por microscopia ótica e analisador de fibras. Os componentes macromoleculares das duas madeiras foram isolados seguindo uma metodologia específica para cada um: a lenhina foi isolada por acidólise suave com dioxano e a hemicelulose foi isolada a partir de holocelulose com dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO). As lenhinas foram caracterizadas por análise elementar, RMN de 1H e RMN de 13C, ao passo que as xilanas foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de RMN de 1H e cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC). Ambas as madeiras apresentam uma morfologia semelhante. Ainda assim, a madeira de Eucalyptus nitens possui uma menor densidade devido à maior abundância de vasos e menor espessura das paredes das células. A análise química das madeiras revelou que a madeira de E. nitens possui maior quantidade de lenhina e de compostos extratáveis polifenólicos e menor teor em celulose em relação ao E. globulus. A partir da comparação da caracterização estrutural das lenhinas concluiu-se que ambas são do tipo S:G (86:14, razão obtida por RMN de 13C). Concluiu-se ainda que a estrutura da lenhina de E. nitens apresenta menor abundância de ligações β-O-4 e maior abundância de carbonos quaternários, revelando uma estrutura mais condensada, o que comparativamente com a lenhina de E. globulus, não favorece a deslenhificação. As xilanas das madeiras apresentam ligeiras diferenças no que se refere à sua estrutura. A xilana de Eucalyptus nitens apresenta um maior grau de substituição com ácidos urónicos e um peso molecular superior. Em conclusão, o estudo paralelo das madeiras de E. globulus e E. nitens, em particular das características estruturais dos componentes macromoleculares, permitiu justificar o melhor desempenho do E. globulus no processo de produção de pastas celulósicas

Eucalyptus globulus wood is the largest source of raw material in the pulp and paper industry due to is high potential compared to other species. However, the E. globulus supply in the national market is deficient in relation to the consumption needs, and other Eucalyptus species, in particular E. nitens, are now incorporated into pulp production, affecting its properties. The objective of this work is to evaluate the differences in chemical and morphological composition of two woods of the genus Eucalyptus – globulus (Portugal) and nitens (Galicia) – in order to evaluate their differences in kraft cooking behavior and performance. The kraft cooking of both wood revealed the need for a higher load of cooking reagents for E. nitens (AA=19,2 % Na2O) compared to E. globulus (AA=15,6 % Na2O) to obtain pulps with kappa index about 16. The chemical composition of the woods was studied, and the morphological structure was analyzed by optical microscopy and fiber analyzer. The macromolecular components of the two woods were isolated following specific methodology: the lignin was isolated by mild acidolysis with dioxane and the hemicellulose was isolated from holocellulose with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Lignins were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The xylans were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Both woods have a similar morphology. Nevertheless, the Eucalyptus nitens wood has a lower density due to the greater abundance of vessels and smaller fraction wall thickness. The chemical analysis of the wood showed that the E. nitens wood has a greater amount of lignin and extractable polyphenolic compounds and a lower content of cellulose compared with E. globulus. The comparison of the structural characterization of the lignins allowed to conclude that both are S:G (86:14, ratio obtained by 13C NMR). It was also concluded that the structure of E. nitens lignin has a lower abundance of β-O-4 bonds and a higher abundance of quaternary carbons revealing a more condensed structure, the which compared to E. globulus lignin, does not favor the delignification. Wood xylan present slight differences in their structure. Eucalyptus nitens xylan presents a higher degree of substitution with uronic acids and a higher molecular weight. In conclusion, the parallel study of E. globulus and E. nitens wood, in particular the structural characteristics of the macromolecular components, allowed to justify the better performance of E. globulus in the pulp production process

Mestrado em Química

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Eucalyptus, Cozimento kraft, Xilanas, Nitens, Lenhinas, Globulus

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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