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Gestão da inovação em países de desenvolvimento tecnológico médio: uma análise ao lead user method

Authors: Ventura, Sara Cristina da Costa;

Gestão da inovação em países de desenvolvimento tecnológico médio: uma análise ao lead user method

Abstract

This study arose due to the challenge to implement methods to manage innovation and which are different from the more usual methods used. Namely, the author is interested in open innovation, as opposed to closed innovation (a more traditional approach). Open innovation seeks to open the innovation process to agents located outside the organization. In this context the lead user method (LUM) appears as a possible approach, and whereby users of the firm’s products (or users of products developed by a rival) transform products for their personal use (other than for commercial purposes). Lead users, as they are located ahead of the market tendencies, and as no product in the market exists to satisfy them, innovate for their own personal consumption and are therefore an important source of innovation. Firms which implement LUM actively seek lead users, systematically – to learn from them. This process leads to a more economic and faster innovation process, and which has much better results than the more traditional method. The research question thus addressed has to do with why LUM is not adopted in Portugal, an intermediately developed country in technological terms (in a list developed and published by Bloomberg, where South Korea is in first place and Morocco is placed last, in 50th position; Portugal is placed 30th; for 2015). In order to answer the research question two case studies were performed with Portuguese firms (Grupo CJ and PRIFER), as was a focus group, as well as exchanges with experts in the innovation process (including with Eric von Hippel – the main researcher of LUM). Finally, an online survey was also done and which had 205 valid answers from consumers. Thus, with this final tool, the receptiveness to innovation and to LUM, in particular, were measured. It was specifically referred to in an interview that employees rest on their laurels and are self-indulgent – which is a barrier to the LUM. Innovation thus depends on people – who prefer proven methods, traditional and tested, and resist change for this reason (this latter aspect having been referred to by the main promoter of LUM worldwide). Anything which is new and different to “business-as-usual” will encounter resistance. Managers who are used to certain practices – for example market surveys and such, in search of what a market wants – though being less effective than LUM will tend to be favoured. We thus have found an explanation for why LUM is not in greater demand, despite the existence of material on the subject, in abundance, and free of charge, which if read and adhered to would lead to better innovation results.

Este estudo surge devido ao desafio de se implementarem métodos de gestão da inovação diferentes dos tradicionais, nomeadamente a inovação aberta. A inovação aberta procura abrir o processo de inovação a agentes externos à organização. Neste contexto, o lead user method (LUM) surge como uma abordagem possível, em que se aproveitam utilizadores dos produtos da empresa (ou de produtos de um concorrente, que transformam para seu uso, por ainda não existir no mercado algo que os satisfaça e por estarem à frente das tendências do momento) como fonte de inovação. Utilizadores lead user são, por empresas que seguem o LUM, pesquisados e procurados de forma sistemática num processo que se documenta ser mais económico, rápido e com resultados mais certos do que se se optar pelo processo de inovação fechado mais tradicional. Surge então a questão de pesquisa: por que motivo é que o LUM não é adotado em Portugal, um país de desenvolvimento tecnológico médio (numa lista da Bloomberg liderada pela Coreia do Sul e que vê na cauda inferior, em 50º lugar, Marrocos, no Norte de África; estando Portugal em 30º na lista de 2015). De forma a chegar a uma resposta à pergunta de investigação realizaram-se dois casos de estudo relevantes (Grupo CJ e PRIFER), uma interação focus group, trocas de informação com especialistas da área (incluindo com Eric von Hippel, o principal promotor do LUM), assim como um inquérito online a consumidores (205 respostas válidas) que procurava medir a recetividade à inovação aberta e ao LUM. Foi referido especificamente em entrevista que o comodismo será um entrave ao LUM. A inovação acaba por depender das pessoas - que se acomodam e preferem métodos tradicionais e testados e resistem à mudança por estes motivos (este último sendo um aspeto falado pelo principal promotor do LUM, a nível mundial). Tudo o que é novo e diferente do que habitualmente se faz encontra resistência. Em particular, estando os gestores já habituados a determinadas formas de trabalhar – por exemplo a realização de estudos de mercado, uma forma mais tradicional de determinar o que o mercado procura – que é menos eficaz, segundo a literatura, do que o LUM. É assim explicado por que motivo o LUM não está com maior procura, sendo que existe material sobre o tópico, em abundância e grátis, que deveria indiciar resultados opostos dos verificados na prática.

Mestrado em Gestão

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Método de inovação, Novos produtos, Desenvolvimento de novos produtos, Lead user method, Estratégia empresarial, Países de desenvolvimento tecnológico médio, Gestão da inovação, Inovação, Inovação aberta

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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