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Estudo de defeitos paramagnéticos em diamante

Authors: Pereira, Rui Nuno Marques;

Estudo de defeitos paramagnéticos em diamante

Abstract

Esta tese relata um estudo experimental de defeitos paramagnéticos em diamantes sintéticos crescidos a altas pressões e altas temperaturas. O trabalho descreve defeitos formados por impurezas de azoto e níquel, que são incorporadas no material durante a sua síntese. Para tal, os cristais são investigados através da técnica de ressonância paramagnética electrónica (RPE), que pode fornecer informação detalhada acerca da estrutura microscópica de defeitos. O uso de RPE leva à detecção de um conjunto de sete novos defeitos paramagnéticos (denominados centros AB). O valor do spin e a simetria local destes defeitos são determinados usando o formalismo do Hamiltoniano de spin. A análise dos dados obtidos permite deduzir que os defeitos AB estão relacionados com a incorporação de impurezas de níquel em diamante. São, ainda, propostos modelos de estructura para alguns destes centros. As condições de formação dos centros AB são investigadas através de um estudo de recozimento. Este estudo mostra que alguns destes defeitos são estáveis somente num intervalo restrito de temperaturas de recozimento. O papel dos centros AB na cinética de agregação do azoto durante tratamentos térmicos a altas temperaturas é discutido. As propriedades ópticas de centros paramagnéticos relacionados com níquel são, também, investigadas usando espectroscopia de RPE associada a excitação óptica (foto-RPE). Desta forma, são determinados os estados energéticos produzidos por tais defeitos no hiato do diamante. Observa-se que os centros de níquel induzem estados de energia profundos. Um modelo teórico que descreve os processos de ionização e captura que ocorrem durante uma experiência de foto-RPE é proposto. Este modelo é aplicado com sucesso na interpretação dos dados de foto-RPE obtidos para os centros relacionados com níquel em diamante.

This thesis reports an experimental study of defects in synthetic diamond grown at high pressures and high temperatures. The investigations are focused on defects formed by nickel and nitrogen impurities, that are incorporated in the material during its synthesis. For that, the crystals are investigated by means of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, which may give a detailed picture of the microscopic structure of defects. The use of EPR yields the detection of a group of seven previously unknown paramagnetic defects (labeled AB centers). Their spin and local symmetry are determined using the formalism of the spin Hamiltonian. The incorporation of nickel impurities in these defects is deduced and structural models are proposed. The formation conditions of the AB centers are investigated through an annealing study. This study shows that some of these defects are stable solely in a restricted range of annealing temperatures. The role of the AB defects in the aggregation kinetics of nitrogen during high temperature annealing is discussed. The optical properties of nickel-related paramagnetic centers are also studied using EPR spectroscopy associated with optical excitation (photo-EPR). In this investigation, the location of the corresponding energy levels in the gap is measured. It is observed that nickel centers induce deep levels. A theoretical model describing the defect-related photoionization and capture processes, which occur during a photo-EPR experiment, is put forward. The model is successfully applied to the interpretation of the photo-EPR transients obtained for the nickel-related defects in diamond.

Doutoramento em Física

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Defeitos em cristais, Transições electrónicas, Física, Diamantes sintéticos, Paramagnetismo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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