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Biomonitorização da exposição ocupacional a hidrocarbonetos aromáticos

Authors: Torres, Joana Ferreira da Silva Roma;

Biomonitorização da exposição ocupacional a hidrocarbonetos aromáticos

Abstract

Os trabalhadores das refinarias de petróleo estão potencialmente expostos a uma vasta gama de hidrocarbonetos derivados do petróleo e a substâncias químicas usadas na produção de derivados de petróleo. Nas unidades de aromáticos procede-se à separação por destilação de componentes aromáticos puros, como benzeno, tolueno e xileno (BTX), para serem usados como matéria-prima para gasolina e produtos da indústria petroquímica. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar os efeitos genotóxicos resultantes da exposição ocupacional a BTX na unidade de aromáticos de uma refinaria de petróleo no norte de Portugal. O grupo ocupacionalmente exposto consistiu em 48 trabalhadores (homens) da fábrica de aromáticos da refinaria. O grupo controlo compreende uma amostra de 30 indivíduos semelhante ao grupo exposto em termos de sexo, idade e hábitos tabágicos. Para avaliar os efeitos genotóxicos foram utilizados o teste do micronúcleo (MN), as aberrações cromossómicas (AC) e o dano do ADN (teste do cometa) em linfócitos de sangue periférico. Como indicadores da exposição a BTX fez-se o doseamento dos metabolitos urinários ác. t,t-mucónico, ác. hipúrico e ác. metil-hipúrico em urinas de fim de turno. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a exposição ocupacional a tolueno e a xileno é negligenciável no local de trabalho estudado. Da análise dos resultados verificou-se haver um aumento estatisticamente significativo nos níveis de excreção de ác. t,t-mucónico no grupo exposto quando comparado com o grupo controlo, embora os valores se tenham situado abaixo do VLB (valor limite biológico) com excepção de quatro indivíduos do grupo exposto. Foi encontrado um aumento estatisticamente significativo nos valores de todos os biomarcadores de efeito biológico precoce estudados no grupo exposto quando comparado com o grupo controlo. Verificou-se não haver associação entre o fumo do tabaco e os diferentes biomarcadores de efeito. No grupo controlo encontrou-se uma associação positiva entre os MN e AC e a idade. Os resultados obtidos podem ter particular interesse para as organizações responsáveis pela definição dos níveis aceitáveis para a exposição humana a BTX e para os serviços que têm a seu cargo a vigilância da saúde dos trabalhadores.

Petroleum refinery workers are potentially exposed to a wide range of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons and chemical substances used in the manufacturing of petroleum derivatives. Pure aromatic components such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are produced by distillation in the aromatics units. These aromatic products are then used as raw materials for petrol and petrochemical products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to BTX in an aromatic unit of a petroleum refinery in the north of Portugal. Occupationally exposed group consisted of 48 workers (male) from the aromatics plant from the refinery. Control group comprises 30 persons matched for age, sex and smoking habits. Chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN), and DNA damage (evaluated by means of comet assay) were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess genotoxic effects. T,t-muconic acid, hipuric acid and methilhypuric acid concentrations, as indicators of exposure to BTX were measured in urine samples collected at the end of the workshift. Results suggest that occupational exposure to toluene and xylene is negligible in this working place. A statistically significant increase in t,t-muconic acid excretion was found in the exposed group when compared with control group although t,t-muconic acid levels were found to be lower than BEI (biological exposure indices) with exception for four exposed individuals. Statistically significant increases have been found in the exposed group as compared to control group for every early biological effect biomarkers evaluated in this study. No association was found between tobacco smoke and analysed effect biomarkers. A positive association was found between CA and MN and age in the control group. These results can be of particular interest for the organisations responsible for defining the acceptable levels for human exposure to BTX and for surveillance of occupational health.

Mestrado em Toxicologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Exposição aos poluentes, Saúde pública, Toxicidade, Exposição ocupacional, Hidrocarbonetos aromáticos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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