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Purificação da peroxidase da azeitona negrinha do Douro : identificação e caracterização das principais isoenzimas

Authors: Nunes, Cláudia Sofia Cordeiro;

Purificação da peroxidase da azeitona negrinha do Douro : identificação e caracterização das principais isoenzimas

Abstract

O objectivo deste trabalho foi o isolamento e caracterização da peroxidase da azeitona Negrinha do Douro. A primeira parte deste trabalho consistiu na optimização de um método de extracção e purificação da enzima. Na segunda parte fez-se uma caracterização parcial das diversas isoenzimas purificadas. Neste estudo foram utilizadas azeitonas em dois estados de amadurecimento, identificados pela cor, pretas e verdes. O procedimento de purificação utilizado para isolar as isoperoxidases presentes na polpa da azeitona consistiu na precipitação selectiva com sulfato de amónio, seguida de cromatografia de troca catiónica e cromatografia de troca aniónica. Na polpa de azeitona preta foram detectadas e purificadas oito isoenzimas, sendo quatro catiónicas e quatro aniónicas. Na azeitona verde foram isoladas nove isoperoxidases, sendo quatro catiónicas e cinco aniónicas. A electroforese por SDS -PAGE e a focagem isoeléctrica apresentaram apenas uma banda de proteína para todas as isoenzimas, facto que confirma a sua homogeneidade. As isoenzimas catiónicas da azeitona preta apresentaram pesos moleculares entre 60 e 70 kDa, enquanto que as aniónicas tinham cerca de 20 kDa. Na azeitona verde, três isoenzimas catiónicas apresentaram pesos moleculares de 20 kDa e a restante isoenzima catiónica apresentou um valor idêntico ao determinado para as isoenzimas catiónicas da azeitona preta, cerca de 70 kDa. A análise por SDS-PAGE com ? -mercaptoetanol revelou que cada isoenzima era constituída por uma única cadeia polipeptídica. As isoenzimas aniónicas A1 e A2 da azeitona preta tinham um ponto isoeléctrico de 6,9, enquanto que as A3 e A4 tinham pontos isoeléctricos de 4,4 e 4,6 respectivamente. O efeito do pH e temperatura, as constantes cinéticas (KM e velocidade máxima) para o peróxido de hidrogénio e o fenol e o conteúdo em glúcidos foram analisados para a isoperoxidase A4 da azeitona preta. O pH e a temperatura óptima de actividade de peroxidase foi 7,0 e 35 ºC, respectivamente. A análise de açúcares da isoenzima A4 revelou que a fracção glicosídica representa 28% da massa de enzima, sendo constituída maioritariamente por arabinose (64% mol), contendo também glucose, ramnose e galactose. O extracto enzimático da azeitona preta, obtido por precipitação com sulfato de amónio apresentou uma estabilidade térmica reduzida. Um tratamento de 15 minutos a 35 ºC ou 40 ºC provoca a inactivação completa da peroxidase.

The purpose of this work was the isolation and the characterisation of the “Negrinha do Douro” olive peroxidase. The first part was devoted to the optimisation of the methodologies of extraction and purification. In the second part a partial characterization of several purified isoenzymes was done. This study used olives in two stages of ripening, that were identified by colour as black and green. The purification procedure used for isolation of olive pulp isoperoxidases comprises ammonium sulphate selective precipitation, followed by cationic exchange chromatography and anionic exchange chromatography. In black olive pulp eight isoenzymes, four cationic and four anionic were detected and purified. In green olive nine isoperoxidases, four of which were cationic and five anionic were isolated. The SDS-PAGE and the isoelectric focusing showed only one protein band for all isoenzymes, which was related to their homogeneity. The cationic isoenzymes from black olive had molecular masses between 60 and 70 kDa, while the anionic ones had molecular weights around 20 kDa. In green olive, three cationic isoenzymes showed molecular masses of 20 kDa and the other isoenzyme showed an identical value of that obtained for cationic isoenzymes from black olive, around 70 kDa. SDS-PAGE with ?- mercaptoethanol showed that every isoenzyme were composed by a single polypeptide chain. The anionic isoenzymes A1 and A2 from black olive had a isoelectric point of 6,9, while the isoenzymes A3 and A4 had isoelectric points of 4.4 and 4.6, respectively. The effect of pH and temperature, kinetic constants (KM and maximum velocity) for H2O2 and phenol, and the carbohydrate contents were analysed only for the anionic isoperoxidase A4 from black olive. The optimum peroxidase activity, and temperature was observed for pH 7.0 and 35 ºC, respectively. Sugar analysis of isoenzyme A4 showed that the glycosidic fraction was 28% of enzyme weight and was composed mainly for arabinose (64% mol); glucose, rhamnose and galactose were also detected. The enzymatic extract from black olive, extracted with ammonium sulphate precipitation, showed low thermal stability. A treatment for 15 minutes at 35 ºC or 40 ºC caused complete peroxidase inactivation.

Mestrado: Química dos Produtos Naturais e Alimentos

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Enzimologia, Azeitonas, Química dos alimentos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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